This change in shape can interfere with regular breathing. Working with the scalenes. When both posterior scalenes contract, they cause the neck to flex and raise the secondrib, an action that may be difficult to detect when its happening. Without moving your feet, lean your torso toward the wall until you feel a gentle stretch across the entire front of your chest. The NASM note that FHP can cause a person to develop rounded shoulders and upper back. Alteration of head and neck positions can have an immediate negative impact on respiratory function. Ignoring advice on good posture can affect your overall health and set you up for neck and shoulder strain, back pain and even joint damage. WebWhen forward head posture causes muscle pain, it typically feels like one or more of the following: General soreness. 179, no. Incontinence. Discover how poor posture can lead to neck and back pain, and other health troubles, especially when you sit at a desk all day. [3] Turn your head side to side to roll over different areas. 313, 2011. t of forward head posture on thoracic shape and respiratory function, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=link&linkname=pubmed_pubmed_reviews&uid=30774207&log$=relatedreviews&logdbfrom=pmc, https://www.centralcityphysio.com.au/forward-head-posture/, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JA3O0NVb-sk. As you stretch your middle scalene, looking up over the shoulder towards the opposite direction can stretch your anterior scalene. (2019). A. Oldham, and N. Strimpakos, Respiratory dysfunction in chronic neck pain patients. However, this may not be enough. 19, no. A. Huggare and M. T. Laine-Alava, Nasorespiratory function and head posture, American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, vol. Cervical means "neck" and retraction means "to bring back." "Slouching increases abdominal pressure, which puts pressure on 27, no. Radiographic techniques can be used to measure postural angles, but it is not always practical. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. With a forward head posture, the distance between the tongue base and posterior wall is increased. The data used to support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request. A small mirror placed at your desk (so you see your profile from the corner of your eye) can help remind you to keep an upright posture while sitting. C. Fernndez-De-Las-Peas, C. Alonso-Blanco, M. L. Cuadrado, and J. Effects of forward head posture on static and dynamic balance control. 94, no. If your poor posture is bothersome or noticeably problematic, see a doctor or other healthcare professional to determine whats causing the problem. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. Neck pain in adults with forward head posture: effects of craniovertebral angle and cervical range of motion. Tuck the chin in and hold for a few seconds. The scalene muscles are a muscle group in your neck. A first step in correcting your posture is to become aware of everyday habits that may be affecting how you stand, sit, or lie down. J Child Neurol. Your immune systems efforts to heal those muscles spur inflammation that over time can lead toarthritisin nearby joints. This will help you increase the degree to which you squeeze the muscles. Approximation of ribs and pelvis in subjects with slumped and kyphotic posture has been shown to increase intra-abdominal pressure making movement of diaphragm difficult, leading to reduced lung capacity and inspiratory flow [2]. I have seen physiotherapists and they diagnosed me immediatelly with forward head posture (FHP), which seems to be quite a nasty condition, which can result in all sorts of pains and symptoms. Others include swayback and flatback. A. G. Silva and M. I. Johnson, Does forward head posture affect postural control in human healthy volunteers? Gait & Posture, vol. Do this for about 5 minutes, and be sure to massage both sides. Cleveland Clinic is a non-profit academic medical center. Lee, J.-Y. Three other problems linked to poor posture may surprise you. Hold for A person may want to speak with their doctor about muscle relaxants or prescription-strength medications for severe pain. Hansraj KK. This causes the soft tissues of the throat to be tightened, restricting the ability for air to pass. J.-H. Jung and N.-S. Kim, Relative activity of respiratory muscles during prescribed inspiratory muscle training in healthy people, Journal of Physical Therapy Science, vol. Osong public health and research perspectives. 98104, 2012. Effect of gravity: slouching, poor ergonomic alignment. A pilot study, Cephalalgia, vol. Maintaining this position chronically can perpetuate this posture problem. Mahmoud NF, Hassan KA, Abdelmajeed SF, Moustafa IM, Silva AG. Heart failure: Could a low sodium diet sometimes do more harm than good? Older women with hyperkyphosis have a 70 percent increased risk of fracture. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. When your spine is in the swayback position, it may cause back pain that affects your ability to move. All rights reserved. But youll still need to be diligent about maintaining a goodposture. Flatback syndrome may make it hard for you to stand up without pain in your thighs and pelvic area. 36, no. However, there are limitations to the above study, as it consisted of only 15 male participants from one institution. Koseki T, et al. When the shoulders slump forward, these muscles squeeze together and tighten up, so it's important to try to loosen them from that position. A person can also incorporate exercises and stretching into their daily routine to help loosen stiff muscles and joints. Torticollis. 17, no. Its easy to develop a habit of bad posture without thinking about it. Can forward head posture cause throat problems? The SNIP score decreased significantly during induced right torticollis compared to upright sitting posture (p<0.001). A corner pec stretch is much like a push-up at the wall,exceptthat the emphasis is placed onstaying in the position that causes your chest muscles to lengthen. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. These actions are similar to those of the anterior scalene because the attachment sites (origins and insertions) are located near one another. They may also advise you to see a physical therapist. Your lower back looks straight and you stoop forward. I have seen physiotherapists and they diagnosed me immediatelly with forward head posture (FHP), which seems to be quite a nasty condition, which can result in all sorts of pains and symptoms. Physiopedia is not a substitute for professional advice or expert medical services from a qualified healthcare provider. In this condition, the weight of the head places increased pressure on the neck and cervical spine, forcing the body out of balance. Regularly stretch the back of your neck. 4, pp. That is usually the journal article where the information was first stated. 17, no. Bad posture or Forward Head Posture can also cause changes in the mood, pulse, blood pressure and lung capacity. This study could be repeated in patients with such deformities acquired over a large period of time and determine if management could reverse negative impacts on respiratory system. This in turn can cause pain and stiffness in the neck muscles. With a forward head posture, the distance between the tongue base and posterior wall is increased. 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. 18, no. Influence of forward head posture on scapular upward rotators during isometric shoulder flexion. Occupational posture: forward or backward leaning of head for long durations, slouched or relaxed sitting, faulty sitting posture while using computer or screen. WebWhen forward head posture causes muscle pain, it typically feels like one or more of the following: General soreness. How long does it take to fix forward head posture? When your forward posture is 15 degrees out of alignment, the force on your spine increases to 27 pounds. Continuous repetitive adaptation of these positions turns into a deformity causing neck and upper back pain, stiffness, shallow breathing, and breathing dysfunction. In turn, tongue pressure may be reduced, limiting the patients ability to move the bolus into the oropharynx, pharynx, and esophagus. This 4 minutes video is a brief summary of FHP. 248253, 2013. The forward head posture can be a cause of cervical dysstructure or a broken neck structure. This "humpback" position can lead to a painful shortening of the muscles of the back of the neck, as well as compression of the cervical vertebraethe uppermost portion of the spine that supports the head and protects the spinal cord. Remember that the human body was simply not built to maintain one position all daytaking a quick break to stretch and move every half-hour or so should be an essential part of your daily routine if you work at a desk or perform repetitive motion of any kind. It can be affected by various factors, including age, lifestyle, disease, and change in posture, that can interfere with its normal functioning [1, 2]. 1, pp. You may dismiss the discomfort for a while, but its your bodys way of getting your attention. M. Appel, A. Childs, E. Healey, S. Markowitz, S. Wong, and J. Mead, Effect of posture on vital capacity, Journal of Applied Physiology, vol. Kim DH, Kim CJ, Son SM. How to Fix Forward Head Posture and Why It Matters. Here are some specific effects for each type of misalignment. 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. Learn the strategies that can help. J Phys Ther Sci. Kim DH, Kim CJ, Son SM. P. W. Hodges, J. E. Butler, D. K. McKenzie, and S. C. Gandevia, Contraction of the human diaphragm during rapid postural adjustments, The Journal of Physiology, vol. 2, pp. Different postures such as forward head posture (FHP) and kyphosis have been shown to alter breathing mechanism including diaphragm mobility [37]. Regularly stretch the back of your neck. If a person experiences FHP and rounding of the shoulders, healthcare professionals refer to this as upper crossed syndrome. It can also result from the aging process, as you lose muscle strength in your upper body. High prevalence of inadequate sitting and sleeping postures: A three-year prospective study of adolescents. Forward head posture (FHP) occurs when a person is leaning their head forward, out of neutral alignment with their spine. From curing headaches to building self-confidence, here are 12 ways good posture can help us. Return to the starting position and repeat a number of times. 61, no. We do not endorse non-Cleveland Clinic products or services. Gently tilt your head to the side, attempting to touch your ear to your shoulder, until you feel a mild stretch. 209218, 2007. A 2017 study comparing targeted exercise to workstation modification for reducing office-related neck, shoulder, and back pain found exercise was the more effective approach. It often co-exists with Upper Crossed Syndrome Defined by hyperextension of the upper cervical vertebrae and forward translation of the cervical vertebrae. To do this, a person needs to lie down on the floor, facing up. They can help diagnose the source of your problems and refer you to a physical therapist, who can design a program of strengthening and stretching tailored to your individual circumstances and physiology. 12, no. Can lead to a painful shortening of the muscles of the back of the neck, as well as compression of the cervical vertebraethe uppermost portion of the spine that supports the head and protects the spinal cord. It would be interesting to know how altered head-neck postures would affect various breathing parameters. 26, no. 539548, 1997. Swayback, also called lordosis or hyperlordosis, is when your hips and pelvis tilt forward, in front of your bodys midline. Clinicians should be prompted to assess respiratory function when assessing individuals with FHP and torticollis and reduce the tension on respiratory system to avoid consequences. After a while, all of these factors can lead to bad posture. Alternative treatments and movement systems such as Feldenkrais, the Alexander Technique, and somatics may help loosen tight scalene muscles. They are responsible for pulling the shoulder blades toward each other and pressing the shoulders down, away from the ears. Sitting at a desk every day can bring about similar results. When you have respiratory issues (for example, asthma) your scalenes may have to work extra hard. C. Uldry, J. P. Janssens, B. Postural kyphosis is rarely painful and can usually be corrected when the patient stands upright. Thoracic Kyphosis is a complication of the combination of slouched-forward shoulders and rounded upper back. F. Lin, S. Parthasarathy, S. J. Taylor, D. Pucci, R. W. Hendrix, and M. Makhsous, Effect of different sitting postures on lung capacity, expiratory flow, and lumbar lordosis, Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, vol. All this shifting of the body causes strains, stress and ultimately pain for numerous parts of your body. 2018 Dec;9(6):309. 2019;31(1):63-68. doi:10.1589/jpts.31.63, Lee JH. A sample of 15 healthy males, aged 18-35 years, was recruited for this study. 26, no. A person with FHP also typically tilts their head back in order to look forward. Yoo WG. FHP strains for example your neck muscles which then pull back your jaw -> overbite -> possible TMJ symptoms. There was no association between the SNIP scores, age, or BMI. As with any other exercise routine, it takes about four to six weeks to see real change. There are many exercises and stretching routines that have proven helpful for posture and balance. Szczygie E, Sieradzki B, Maso A, Golec J, Czechowska D, Wglarz K, Szczygie R, Golec E. Assessing the impact of certain exercises on the spatial head posture. (2019). There is newly evidance that there is no relation between FHP and neck pain, additionally individual with neck pain had lower ROM and slower neck movement. J Phys Ther Sci. 3, pp. 2010;18(2):7483. Association between forward head, rounded shoulders, and increased thoracic kyphosis: A review of the literature. The subjects were asked to rotate their head to the left side and side flex to the right side. A doctor can help check for underlying conditions and recommend most suitable treatment. adjusting the chair to support the lower back, ensuring that the knees are a bit lower than the hips, ensuring the keyboard is straight out in front and leaving a space of, keeping the mouse nearby and using a mouse mat with a wrist pad. The SNIP score of the subjects during sitting with FHP was lower as compared to that during upright sitting. 1. https://www.physio-pedia.com/index.php?title=Forward_Head_Posture&oldid=321240. The United Kingdoms National Health Service (NHS) provide the following instructions: If a person sits at a desk for long periods of time, they should focus on maintaining proper posture. The scalenes are implicated in a number of neck problems. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of assumed forward head posture and torticollis on the diaphragm muscle strength. There was no significant difference between the SNIP score in FHP and torticollis position (p>0.05) (Table 2). Dysfunction can cause swallowing difficulties. Not limited to this, altered diaphragm function leads to core muscles instability, which will further lead to other systemic and musculoskeletal disorders including spinal instability [23, 24]. A sample of 15 healthy males, aged 18-35 years, was recruited for this study. 1, pp. The SNIP score of the subjects during upright sitting was 93(26) cmH2O (Table 2). for a prolonged period of time can lead to development of FHP [19]. 7, pp. (2019). In present study, we found that alteration of the head-neck position had an immediate effect on respiratory function characterized by reduced diaphragm strength. 19, no. What is the latest research on the form of cancer Jimmy Carter has? N. H. Robin, Congenital muscular torticollis, Pediatrics in Review, vol. Blum CL. When acting only on one side of your neck, the anterior scalene can bend and rotate your neck. Push your head forward until you feel the stretch through your throat. The consequences of chronic forward head posture can be significant. They may also be able to recommend a specialist to provide further help. no. According to a small 2019 study, FHP can negatively affect a persons breathing. A. Dysfunction would cause brain drainage problems and high blood pressure problems. You can activate them by squeezing your shoulder blades toward each othera move that will immediately and naturally pull your shoulders down and back, reversing the forward slump. If you have this condition, you may need to bring your head up so you can see whats in front of you. This is a list of the main symptoms associated with this postural issue: Symptoms: Neck Pain at base of the Skull Headaches and Dizziness Cervical Radiculopathy Ineffective breathing technique Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) issues Impaired balance Forward Head Posture Exercises Lane, Spinal respiratory motoneurons and interneurons, Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, vol. Flatback is a condition where the normal curve of your lower spine loses some of its curvature. 29, no. (2011). You spend 1/3 of your life in bed. These moves can be beneficial, but you'll need to know how to avoid exacerbating an existing problem. 2, pp. If youre experiencing headaches, TMJ pain, or other symptoms of forward head posture, or if your neck and shoulder pain is persistent (lasts for more than a few days) or interferes with your quality of life, its time to see your healthcare provider. Levangie PK, Norkin CC. E. Kapreli, E. Vourazanis, E. Billis, J. This posture puts a strain on the muscles and bones of the neck. A 2014 study calculated the force in pounds of flexing the neck forward to different degrees. All subjects performed spirometry (Vitalograph Alpha, Bucks, UK) to measure the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), the forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio. Read our, Neck Rolls for Flexible Muscles and Pain Relief, Cervical Rib: Anatomy, Associated Conditions, Treatment, Tilted Pelvis: Symptoms, Treatments, Causes, and Distinctions, Causes of Neck Pain and Treatment Options, The Anatomy of the Sternocleidomastoid Muscle, Hamstring Muscles: Anatomy, Function, and Common Injuries, Thoracic outlet syndrome: a controversial clinical condition. Yoga may also help. Our website is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. These muscles are also accessory muscles of respiration, which are used in addition to the diaphragm [29]. With temporomandibular joint symptoms, the muscles of mastication may have increased tension (Pterygoid, Masseter, temporalis muscles). 504509, 2006. In turn, tongue pressure may be reduced, limiting the patients ability to move the bolus into the oropharynx, pharynx, and esophagus. Its frequently seen in older women. FHP strains for example your neck muscles which then pull back your jaw -> overbite -> possible TMJ symptoms. Im B, Kim Y, Chung Y, Hwang S. Effects of scapular stabilization exercise on neck posture and muscle activation in individuals with neck pain and forward head posture. The head also tilts to the opposite side. We review what to look for in a posture corrector and recommend four products worth considering. 507511, 1997. Change the configuration of your work station. Mean and standard deviations were used to summarize the data. Stand up straight. Can forward head posture cause throat problems? WebForward Head Posture and Degenerative Spinal Changes As the body naturally ages, it is normal for some degenerative spinal changes to occur. The exaggerated spinal curve does not tend to worsen or lead to problems later in life. Weakness of sternocleidomastoid, scalene, and trapezius has been associated with decrease in maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure [32]. Assessment of FHP is important to assess the impact of the therapeutic interventions. Pain, pins & needles and numbness in the arms and hands. Long-term forward head posture, however, may increase the risk for accelerated degenerative spinal changes, such as: Hold for between 20 and 30 seconds, then return to starting position and repeat three to five times. Havingpoorposturemay lead to aches and pains, but having it over the long term is when you get real damage, says chiropractorAndrew Bang, DC. Forward Head Posture can cause serious health problems if left untreated. Learn more about upper crossed syndrome here. Laura Campedelli, PT, DPT, is a physical therapist with experience in hospital-based acute care and outpatient therapy with both children and adults. The study found that the head weighs about 1014 pounds (lb) in a neutral spine position but increases in weight as it leans forward: According to a U.S. National Library of Medicine clinical trial design, the muscles that FHP weakens and lengthens include: The muscles that become shortened and overactive include: With exercise and stretching, a person can reverse FHP and hold their head in a neutral position, in alignment with the spine. Interlace the fingers behind the back with the palms up. (2019). This is an open access article distributed under the. Therapeutic Exercises. Hold for a count of 5 and slowly release. Anne Asher, ACE-certified personal trainer, health coach, and orthopedic exercise specialist, is a back and neck pain expert. Gently tilt your head to the side, attempting to touch your ear to your shoulder, until you feel a mild stretch. Bring both hands behind your head, lifting your elbows to bring your upper arms parallel to the floors. In order to see what's in front of yousay, your computer screen or the view out of the front windshieldyou need to lift your head. FHP occurs when a person holds their head out in front of their body, out of neutral alignment with their spine. To compensate for your upper body shift, your hips tilt forward. Hold for In turn, tongue pressure may be reduced, limiting the patients ability to move the bolus into the oropharynx, pharynx, and esophagus. Cervical isometric strengthening exercises (initial phase) progressing to isotonic and dynamic strengthening exercises. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health. WebThe vagus nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve control the muscles of the throat. Relieve that neck pain with these exercises and tips. Forward head posture or dowagers hump occurs when the anterior scalenes are hard, tight, and short, pulling the lower cervical vertebra forward into a rigidly flexed position. The anterior and medial scalene, together with part of the first rib, form an anatomical area known as the scalene triangle. Try These 8 Strategies, Daniel Bubnis, M.S., NASM-CPT, NASE Level II-CSS, 6 Chiropractor-Approved Exercises to Fight Text Neck. 3, pp. Forward head and round-shoulder postures (FHRSP) can result in shoulder pain and dysfunction because of altered scapular kinematics and muscle activity and consequently, placing increased stress on the shoulder. A. Pareja, Forward head posture and neck mobility in chronic tension-type headache: a blinded, controlled study, Cephalalgia, vol. Torticollis is characterized by a twisted neck position that is very difficult to release. Salahzadeh Z, Maroufi N, Ahmadi A, Behtash H, Razmjoo A, Gohari M, Parnianpour M. Assessment of forward head posture in females: observational and photogrammetry methods. When the alignment of the head is off, it can cause a variety of problems, including stiffness in the neck, pain, and balance issues. WebTo compensate for the shift in your center of gravity, your upper body will drift backward. 314319, 2006. FHP increases compressive loading on tissues in the cervical spine, particularly the facet joints and ligaments. (2019). It can also develop due to trauma or drugs.. In this condition, the weight of the head places increased pressure on the neck and cervical spine, forcing the body out of balance. 6 I, pp. Repeated Measures Analysis of Variance with post hoc (Bonferroni) test was used to examine the differences between SNIP scores during upright sitting, sitting with FHP, and sitting with induced torticollis. "Walk" your fingers downward to try to find to bottom tips of each blade and then release the hug. This also causes tension on the spine. 440444, 2014. Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation. 591593, 2014. Draw the shoulders back and down, ensuring that the elbows are straight and that there is no arch in the low back. 4, pp. WebA 2017 extensive review in the Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, the authors indicated, FHP [Forward Head Posture] can lead to headache, shoulder pain, neck pain, craniofacial pain, radiating pain to the scalp, temporomandibular disorders, subacromial impingement syndrome, restricted range of motion at the cervical spine, and scapula and The subjects were asked to assume the FHP by bending their upper back and protruding their head such that tragus of ear lies ahead of shoulder level [11, 15]. 2017 Jun;29(6):1043-1044. doi:10.1589/jpts.29.1043. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Instead of high heels, opt for flats, wedges, or other more supportive footwear. How Viagra became a new 'tool' for young men, Ankylosing Spondylitis Pain: Fact or Fiction, National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM), U.S. National Library of Medicine clinical trial design, United Kingdoms National Health Service (NHS), https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1658361220301906, https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/healthy-body/how-to-sit-correctly/, https://www.e-arm.org/journal/view.php?doi=10.5535/arm.2012.36.1.98, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6348172/, https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/strength-and-flex-exercise-plan-how-videos/, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04216862, https://blog.nasm.org/fixing-forward-head-posture, https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/kyphosis/treatment/. The posterior scalene muscle is considered an accessory breathing muscle because it lifts the second rib during inhalation. Try Doing Superman and 3 More Exercises, 6 Sore Throat Remedies That Actually Work. 1. Bad posture or Forward Head Posture can also cause changes in the mood, pulse, blood pressure and lung capacity. The NASM suggest several techniques that strengthen and lengthen muscles, including chin tucks: This can help stretch the muscles in the upper neck. This is supported by work of Hodges and colleagues who reported that the diaphragm mobility is altered by posture movements [7]. 128133, 2011. There are several potential treatments that a person can try at home, along with medical interventions. If youre a serial sloucher, you can probably trace your neck andshoulder pain, stiffness and aching back right back to yourposture. Patients with acute torticollis are usually unable to take a proper breathing and therefore this issue should be addressed when examining patients with acute torticollis. Can forward head posture cause throat problems? The forward head posture can be a cause of cervical dysstructure or a broken neck structure. WebA 2017 extensive review in the Journal of Chiropractic Medicine, the authors indicated, FHP [Forward Head Posture] can lead to headache, shoulder pain, neck pain, craniofacial pain, radiating pain to the scalp, temporomandibular disorders, subacromial impingement syndrome, restricted range of motion at the cervical spine, and scapula and It is considered an accessory breathing muscle because it lifts the first rib during an inhale. [3] Turn your head side to side to roll over different areas. According to a 2014 study, the forward position of the head puts increasing amounts of weight pressure on the spine. You spend 1/3 of your life in bed. WebThe vagus nerve and glossopharyngeal nerve control the muscles of the throat. Any medical information published on this website is not intended as a substitute for informed medical advice and you should not take any action before consulting with a healthcare professional. In most cases Physiopedia articles are a secondary source and so should not be used as references. Braz J Phys Ther. American Council on Exercise. You may be born with scoliosis (an abnormally curved spine) or one leg shorter than the other, which can affect your posture. The anterior scalene also lifts the first rib, but thats a pretty subtle action that you might not be aware of while its happening. 3, pp. Hooper TL, Denton J, McGalliard MK, Brisme JM, Sizer PS Jr. Thoracic outlet syndrome: a controversial clinical condition. If you have a standing desk, you still need to move. Text neck tightens muscles and their supporting ligaments and tendons in the front of your neck, and at the same time lengthens the muscle structure at the back of your neck. 3, pp. Forward head posture (FHP) occurs when a person is leaning their head forward, out of neutral alignment with their spine. Over time, this misalignment can lead to a number of issues: Any ergonomic changes you can make to your workspace, environment, or lifestyle habits that make sitting or standing upright more comfortable will help reduce the risk of forward head posture. A person who works using a computer or other devices can practice sitting upright and keeping their neck in a neutral spine position. Our results showed that alteration of head and neck postures had an effect on respiratory function. Anne Asher, ACE-certified personal trainer, health coach, and orthopedic exercise specialist, is a back and neck pain expert.
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