[3], The location of the Holy of Holies is, naturally, connected to the location of the Jewish Temple. Turn to chapter 9, verse 1. However, in the Hellenistic-Roman period Philo and Josephus set forth various interpretations giving cosmic significance to various aspects of the temple. 9). (Source: Rambam, Klei Hamikdash 1, 1-12), A jar of Manna was placed in the Holy of Holies as a memorial and testimony to the Almighty's Divine protection over the Children of Israel. The cherubim were an integral part of this cover, hewn from the same piece of gold. And as part of the temptations Jesus was transported by the Spirit (JST) to a pinnacle of the temple where Satan tempted him to throw himself off so that the angels would come and save him (Luke 4:911; Matthew 4:5). . 2a, 16a; Sheb. Grant Building The burnt offering was the sacrifice of an animal that was completely burned on the altarthe smoke symbolized the offering ascending into heaven. In Hebrews this atonement occurred not in the temple on earth but in the heavenly temple made without hands: For Christ is not entered into the holy places made with hands, which are the figures of the true; but into heaven itself, now to appear in the presence of God for us (Hebrews 9:24). 586 BC the Lord allowed Nebuchadnezzar and the Babylonians to capture Jerusalem and destroy the temple and take many of the people into exile. The Gospel of Luke opens in the temple with the appearance of the angel Gabriel to the priest Zacharias as he was officiating at the incense altar in the Holy Place (Luke 1:524), and the Gospel of Luke ends with a note that the disciples of Jesus, after his ascension were continually in the temple, praising and blessing God (Luke 24:53). The inside was in total darkness and contained the Ark of the Covenant, gilded inside and out, in which was placed the Tablets of the Covenant. The Holy of Holies (Kodesh HaKodashim in Hebrew), as its name implies, was the most sacred part of the entire Temple.Entry was forbidden except on Yom Kippur, when the high priest entered the inner sanctuary.. Its dimensions were 20 cubits long, 20 cubits wide and 40 cubits high. The Sages said that their faces were like the faces of a young boy and girl. The section farthest from the entrance, designated also as the "debir" (the "oracle" "the most holy place," I Kings vi. The Feast of Tabernacles commemorated the wanderings in the wilderness, and the people were commanded to live for seven days in booths and to eat each day the bounty of the harvest with thanksgiving. The Kaporet was the covering for the Ark. Three thousand people followed Peters invitation to repent and be baptized in the name of Jesus Christfulfilling the symbols of Pentecost as the firstfruit harvest of Christianity (Acts 2). The first covenant had regulations of divine worship and an earthly sanctuary. The outer courtyard was called the Court of the Gentileshere all nations were invited to come and worship the Lord. The most important holy day in ancient Israel was the Sabbath (Saturday) and this day was celebrated by changing the twelve loaves of the bread of the presence, with the priests eating the week-old bread, and by offering a double sacrifice at the temple. The temple faced east toward the Mount of Olives. This dispute over the temple provides the background of the conversation Jesus had with the Samaritan woman in John 4. According to biblical law (Exodus 23, 34, and Deuteronomy 16), three times a year all Jewish males were required to appear before the Lord (i.e., at the temple). The Crusaders associated the Holy of Holies with the Well of Souls, which is located under the Foundation Stone of the Dome of the Rock. was rebuilt later by Herod the Great 5:33 now Herod's temple was more magnificent 5:36 than Solomon's Temple the Talmud says he 5:39 did not see the temple of Herod never 5:42 Archaeological evidence has determined that there were eight gates to Herods temple mount from the surrounding city: one in the east, two in the south, four in the west, and one in the north. 20 BCAD 50)[7]both eyewitnesses of the temple, and tractates in the Mishnah: Middoth (measurements), Tamid (the permanent sacrifice), Yoma (the Day of Atonement), and Shekalim (the shekel dues). is also very much involved, and probably represents various sources. The Ark of the Covenant symbolized the inspiration of the Divine Presence and prophecy in Israel. It was left in total darkness. Looking West to the Temple Mount from the Mount of Olives. 10); all the implements of the sanctuary (ib. Though the ark has disappeared, this ritual was continued in the temples of Zerubbabel and Herod. At this festival the four great menorahs in the Court of the Women were lit, illuminating the whole of Jerusalem. A model of the First Temple, built by King Solomon. Josephus, a first-century AD Jewish writer, recounted that Pompey, the conquering general, made it a point to enter into the Holy of Holies of the temple and was amazed to see that the rumors of there being no image to the god of Israel were true. L. Waterman -. The major sects of Judaism and early Christianity had their own distinctive relationships to the institution of the temple and its priesthood and rituals. There are three main theories as to where exactly the Temple stood on the Mount: where the Dome of the Rock is now located; to the north of the Dome of the Rock (Professor Asher Kaufman); or to the east of the Dome of the Rock (Professor Joseph Patrich of the Hebrew University). 29; Num. According to the Hebrew Bible, in order that God may dwell among the Israelites, God gave Moses instructions for erecting a sanctuary. A Jewish legend records how Rabbi Johanan ben Zakkai, who found himself trapped in Jerusalem during the Roman siege, realized the temple was going to be destroyed. Only one object was housed there: the ark of the covenant . (credit giantamericanflag.com) Context [4] A collection of the extrabiblical sources for the Second Temple can be found in C. T. R. Hayward, The Jewish Temple: A Non-Biblical Sourcebook (New York: Routledge, 1996). According to the Babylonian Talmud Tractate Yoma, the Kodesh Hakodashim (Holy of Holies) is located in the center of the esplanade from a North-South perspective, but significantly to the West from an EastWest perspective, with all the major courtyards and functional areas lying to its east. But when Jesus died, that "curtain of the temple was torn in two, from top to bottom" ( Matt. The outer larger box was a bit more than one handbreadth higher than the wooden box and the inner box was a bit smaller so that they could be inserted into one another. This vine was decorated with the costly gifts brought to the temple and was described in the Mishnah: A golden vine stood over the entrance to the sanctuary, trained over the posts; and whosoever gave a leaf, or a berry, or a cluster as a freewill-offering, he brought it and the priests hung it thereon (Middot 3.8). [2] Many aspects of temple worship were common in ancient Near Eastern cultures. 3 Cognate of the "most holy place" 4 In church scriptures. The veil of the temple consisted of two curtains hung about 18 inches apart. Attesting to Yaakov's vow, G-d determined that the twelve stones upon which Yaakov laid his head, now fused into a single stone, will become the Foundation Stone of the Holy Temple. Systems of Transliteration Citation of Proper Names. It was in the form of a perfect cube of 20 cubits. In the Holy Place there were three furnishings: the table for the bread of the presence (shewbread), the seven-branched lampstand or menorah, and the incense altar. The meal offering was offered for thanksgiving. The Holy Place Inside the Holy Place there was the Porch, the Hall and the Holy of Holies, just as in Solomon's Temple. Posted around this barrier were signs warning Gentiles not to pass on pain of death. In the King James Bible, the Holy of Holies is called the Most Holy Place to convey its supreme degree of holiness. Thus the name of the Ark was the Ark of the Covenant or the Ark of the Testimony. However, because of poverty they were unable to adorn it with the wealth and splendor of the First Temple. (Sources: Yoma 54, Baba Batra 99). A notable example is for the Chiesa di San Lorenzo in Palatio ad Sancta Sanctorum, a chapel in the complex of St John Lateran in Rome. 11, 3; "B. J." v. 5, 4). Pompey arranged for the cleansing of the temple and the resumption of temple service under Roman rule (Antiquities 14.7073; see also Tacitus, Histories 5.1112).[5]. This would have been 45 feet tall. Herods temple was one of the wonders of the ancient worlda beautiful building and a marvel of engineering. For a typology of some of these features, see John M. Lundquist, What Is a Temple: A Preliminary Typology, in The Quest for the Kingdom of God: Studies in Honor of George E. Mendenhall, ed. A brocade curtain (Hebrew: parochet), made with cherubim motifs woven directly into the fabric from the loom, divided the Holy of Holies from the lesser Holy place. John Day (New York: T&T Clark), 25070. 14a; "Yad," l.c. The English word dwelt is derived from the Greek verb skno used in reference to the Old Testament tabernacle that literally means he tabernacled or pitched his tent among us. The most common entrance for pilgrims coming to the temple were the two splendid gates in the south, called the Double Gate and the Triple Gate, that were approached by a monumental stairway. Next, he allegedly appointed ten thousand men to rebuild the temple and specifically trained a thousand priests as builders and stonemasons so they would be able to carry out the construction in the inner courts of the temple where nonpriests would not be allowed to enter (Antiquities 15.39091). Upon completion of the dedication of the Tabernacle, the Voice of God spoke to Moses "from between the Cherubim" (Numbers 7:89). xviii. On the Day of Atonement in Old Testament times, the high priest sprinkled the blood of the sacrifice on the mercy seat of the ark in order to make atonement. Only the High Priest was permitted to enter here, and only on Yom Kippur. In the holy of holies there no additional vessels. xli. In the Second Temple, details of the construction of which are not preserved in the Biblical documents (Ezra vi. In the Second Temple the Holy of Holies was empty since the ark of the covenant and the cherubim had disappeared in the course of the destruction of Solomons temple in 586 BC. The book of Revelation contains John the Revelators vision of the new Jerusalem. In God's cosmic temple there is no sin, and therefore no death. [1] According to Deuteronomy 31:2426, a scroll containing the law was also placed beside the ark of the covenant. It was commissioned by Hans Kroch, owner of the Holyland Hotel, in memory of his son Jacob, who was killed in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. Jesuss reference to Jeremiah was thus an ominous foreshadowing of the future destruction of the temple by the Romans if the people did not repent. It housed the Ark of the Covenant and the Two Tablets of the law. The temple is a central feature in the Gospel narratives of the life and ministry of Jesus. . According to the Hebrew Bible, the Holy of Holies contained the Ark of the Covenant with representation of Cherubim. It was empty, except for a stone three fingers in breadth on which the high priest deposited the censer (Josephus, "B. When completed, Herods temple mount was a trapezoid-shaped walled platform 1,550 feet [472 meters] long north to south, and about 1,000 feet [304 meters] wide east to west. A golden box containing the tablets with the Ten Commandments, the ark stood in the Holy of Holies, the Temple 's innermost sanctum. This curtain was woven in four colors: white, blue, scarlet, and purple, and was made of byssus, i.e., linen. Based on passages of scripture in the writings of Paul like Know ye not that ye are the temple of God, and that the Spirit of God dwelleth in you (1 Corinthians 3:16), and For we know that if our earthly house of this tabernacle were dissolved, we have a building of God, an house not made with hands, eternal in the heavens (2 Corinthians 5:1). 33; A. V. "the holy sanctuary"), is known as the "Holy of Holies" par excellence. 14); the offering of the leper (because it belongs to the priests; Lev. There he made a whip and drove out those that sold and bought in the temple, and overthrew the tables of the money-changers, and the seats of them that sold doves (Matthew 21:12; Luke 19:4547). The Ark of the Covenant Explained. Connected to the ephod was a breastplate containing twelve stones representing the twelve tribes of Israel (Exodus 28:1528). [26] For a complete discussion of the relationship between prayer, study, and acts of loving-kindness and temple sacrifice, see Klawans, Purity, Sacrifice, and the Temple, 20311. The original "Holy of Holies" was the most sacred part of the Temple in Jerusalem, that is, the innermost room where the Ark of the Covenant was kept. 12, xlviii. There are other times that this was recorded, and instructions were given that the Lord would appear in the cloud upon the mercy seat (kapporet), and at that time the priests should not enter into the tabernacle (Leviticus 16:2). H. St. J. Thackery, Ralph Marcus, Allen Wikgren, L.H. According to the Hebrew scripture, the Ark contained the Ten Commandments, which were given by God to Moses on Mount Sinai. This room must have been without light. The Ark consisted of three boxes that fit one inside the other. These curtains were woven with motifs directly from the loom, rather than embroidered, and each curtain had the thickness of a handbreadth (ca. To add an RSC website shortcut to your home screen, open the website in the Safari browser. The painting on the bottom left portrays the Ark of the Covenant arriving in Jerusalem! However, construction on the whole complex continued for more than eighty years from the time it was begun and was only completed in AD 63 (Antiquities 20.219; compare John 2:19). According to Midrash, the Foundation Stone was formed from the transformation of the twelve stones that Yaakov gathered together to use as a pillow when, fleeing from Esau, he lay down to sleep in Beit El. Then down the Mt. From the descriptions preserved in Josephus and the Mishnah, correlated with the remains and the excavations around the Temple Mount, it is possible to reconstruct what the mount and the temple looked like with some degree of confidence. The seriousness of the offense of Gentiles crossing the barrier is dramatized by the story in Acts where Paul was falsely accused of bringing non-Jews past this enclosure and the mob attempted to kill him (Acts 21:2732). This room was a perfect cube, 15 feet in each direction. 539 BC Cyrus the Persian conquered Babylon and granted permission to the Jews along with other exiled peoples living in Babylon to return to their homes. These curtains were richly wrought. Josephus wrote that the Temple was a furlong by a furlong, approx 600' x 600' square. There can be as many altars as the number of Tabots. The Greek New Testament retains the pre-Christian Septuagint phrase "Holy of the Holies" hgion (sg n) tn hagn ( )[21] without the definite article as "Holies of Holies" hgia (pl n) hagn ( )[22] in Hebrews 9:3. He regularly taught and healed at the temple (Matthew 21:1415). Of major importance was the rebuilding of the Second Temple begun by Herod the Great, king (37 bce -4 ce) of Judaea. In Ezekiel's ideal Temple the Holy of Holies measured 20 cubits in length and the same in breadth (Ezek. 515 BC (Ezra 56); that temple would stand until ca. Thus, while the Essenes passionately believed in the temple, they did not participate in its rituals in Jerusalem. He had himself hidden in a coffin in order to leave the city. "Ritual and Music in South India: Syrian Christian Liturgical Music in Kerala". Throughout his ministry Jesus came to Jerusalem each year to celebrate Passover. Herod (reigned from ca. The Magdala stone is thought to be a representation of the Holy of Holies carved before the destruction of the Temple in the year 70.[14]. Today, its location is unknown, hidden until the day Moshiach comes. Philo interpreted the high priestly clothing as representing the cosmos with the violet robe representing the air, the embroidered flowers the earth, and the pomegranates the water. 36, R. V.). [11] In Josephus and elsewhere in ancient sources, the Greek word temenos is used to describe the sacred precinct containing a temple. A trap-door was above the Holy of Holies, and through this the workmen were lowered in boxes, to guard against profanation (lit. They take the temple for their port as a general haven and safe refuge from the bustle of the great turmoil of life, and there they seek to find calm weather, and released from the cares whose yoke has been heavy upon them from their earliest years, to enjoy a brief breathing-space in scenes of genial cheerfulness.[22]. The image of God serves the same purpose in the cosmic temple that the forbidden To this day Samaritans continue to live near Mount Gerizim and offer the yearly Passover sacrifice in the vicinity of their temple site. His idea of the ascending scale of holiness is apparent in his designation of the Temple territory as "Holy of Holies" in comparison with the surrounding Levitical land (Ezek. The Greek phrase refers to the Tabernacle or Temple. The inner measurement of the Holy of Holies was twenty cubits squared. See the accounts in Philo, Embassy to Gaius 188, 198348; Josephus, Antiquities 18.261309; Jewish War 2.184203). 185 Heber J. 34; comp. In the New Testament Zecharias was officiating at the incense altar, with a prayer in his heart, when Gabriel appeared to him to announce the birth of John the Baptist (Luke 1:523). Judaism regards the Torah ark, a place in a synagogue where the Torah scrolls are kept, as a miniature Holy of Holies. In addition to representing the presence of God, the temple represented the covenant that bound the Lord to his people (Leviticus 26:1112), since the ark of the covenant contained the Ten Commandments written on stone tablets (Exodus 25:16). The Kaporet was made entirely of one piece of pure gold - including the Cherubim on the top. A related term is the debir () transliterated in the Septuagint (the Greek translation as dabir (),[5] which either means the back (i.e. We shall be in the 1st, or The Holy Place, before the Veil that covers The Holy of Holies, wherein The Mercy Seat rests on top of The Ark of God with the 2 Cherubims with outstretched wings overshadowing. During the Feast of Dedication (Hanukkah) John records that Jesus taught in the porch of Solomon (John 10:22). With its destruction came the loss of the center of their religion, and Judaism would have to develop ways of worship to replace or compensate for the rituals and ordinancesmost notably sacrifice and the celebration of the festivalsthat could formerly be done only at the temple. The shape of the two tablets was square, and they were placed on the bottom of the Ark. xliii. As for the wings, some say that they had two wings of five cubits in length spread to two opposite directions. More than six hundred years earlier, Jeremiah had come to the temple and had warned Israel that their unrepentant hypocrisy and sin would bring the destruction of the temple by the Babylonians. The Gospel of John records that Jesus cleansed the temple at the outset of his ministry as a symbol that he came in power and with authority, and Jesus used this occasion to teach of his eventual death and resurrection from the dead (John 2:1325). Some Christian churches, particularly the Catholic Church, consider the Church tabernacle, or its location (often at the rear of the sanctuary), as the symbolic equivalent of the Holy of Holies, due to the storage of consecrated hosts in that vessel. The length of the Holy of Holies was 20 cubits. Zion to visit the church of St. Peter's in Gallicantu the church of the Dormition, King David's Tomb, and the Room of the Last Supper. It contained only the Ark of the Covenant, the symbol of Israel's special relationship with God. The ciborium, a permanent canopy over the altar in some churches, once surrounded by curtains at points in the liturgy, symbolizes the Holy of Holies. 13); the sin-offering (Lev. The priests offered regular daily offerings at the temple on behalf of all Israel and also assisted in the many offerings brought by individuals to the temple. In the Herodian Temple the Holy of Holies was not divided off from the rest of the hekal by a wall, but two curtains, a cubit apart, partitioned the inner chamber from the outer room. On this day, the High Priest would enter the Holy of Holies four times. Along the south wall (some believe along the east wall) of this court was a long colonnaded porch forming a basilica-like room running east and west with rows of 162 beautiful columns with Corinthian capitals. Then said the Jews, Forty and six years was this temple in building, and wilt thou rear it up in three days? 32). [19] There are some discrepancies in the ancient sources about the dimensions of Herods temple. In this vision John looked for the temple in this heavenly city and then said, And I saw no temple therein: for the Lord God Almighty and the Lamb are the temple of it (Revelation 21:22). According to Maimonides ("Yad," Bet ha-Beirah, iv. In the center of the facade (face) was the main entrance, over the top was hung a golden bunch of grapes. The Hebrew name Even Shetiya (Foundation Stone) refers to the tradition that the world was created and emanated from this place. Under the law of Moses there were five major sacrifices (Leviticus 17). The dimensions of this American flag are 30' by 60', the same size as the Temple curtain. The "Aron Haberit," 1 the holy ark of the covenant, is the most sacred artifact in all of Judaism. 32, xxxvi. Following this cleansing of the temple, the Jews asked Jesus for a sign of his authority. The Pharisees, however, owed their allegiance to oral law and thus found their relationship with the temple more flexible. ; Bleek, "Einleitung," 4th ed., p. 234), indicate a gradual evolution of the notion that certain places and things partook of a higher degree of holiness than others. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, The Solomonic Debir according to the Hebrew Text of I Kings 6 J. Ouellette -, The Damaged "blueprints" of the Temple of Solomon. Men and women congregated in the Court of the Women to observe through the gate the priests offering the sacrifices at the altar and to receive the priestly benediction. 9; Ezra xlii. The new structure is sometimes referred to as Herod's Temple, but is still called Second Temple as rituals and sacrifices continued. In addition, a procession was held with the waving of palm branches, ethrog, and lulav. The first time, he burnt the incense, (picture on right), the second time he sprinkled the blood of the bull once upward and seven times downward, on the third time he sprinkled the blood of the goat that was offered to G-d in the same manner. 10; x. The Ark of the Covenant: The Kaporet & Poles. The final echo of the temple in the Roman period is found in the Bar Kokhba Revolt. Around the birth . 1, 6; xxxi. [6] Josephus was from a priestly family and therefore claimed to have intimate knowledge of Herods temple. Because no mention is made of the ark of the covenant in the list of furnishings taken by the Babylonians to Babylon following the destruction in 586 BC (2 Kings 25:1317; Jeremiah 52:1723), most scholars presume the ark was destroyed by the Babylonians when they destroyed the temple. It provided a focal point for the Jews, both at home in Judea and dispersed across the Jewish Diaspora. The Kaporet was a rectangular tablet of gold, one and one half cubits by two and one half cubits, which was placed on top of the Ark. xiv. The dimensions of the Ark relate to the middle, wooden box - two and one half cubits long, one and one half cubits wide and one and one half cubits high. To avoid religious conflict, Jewish visitors caught praying or bringing ritual objects are usually expelled from the area by police. Eusebius recounted that the saints in Jerusalem were spared from the destruction of Jerusalem by fleeing across the Jordan River to Pella (Church History 3, 5, 3). [10] An historical review of Herods rebuilding the Second Temple can be found in Ehud Netzer, The Architecture of Herod the Great Builder (Tbingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2006), 13778; reprinted in paperback by Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 2006. For the erection of the altar, Herod followed the biblical prescription (Exodus 20:22) and used stones quarried nearby not touched by iron (Jewish War 5.225). The account of Solomon's Temple (I Kings vi.) Around the perimeter of the Court of the Gentiles was a portico where people could gather and teach or be taught. Zerubbabels temple enjoyed a long period of relative tranquility from ca. The historian Josephus recorded the Roman destruction following the burning of the temple: Caesar ordered the whole city and the temple to be razed to the ground. He further noted that the city was so thoroughly laid even with the ground by those that dug it up to the foundation, that there was left nothing to make those that came thither believe it had ever been inhabited (Jewish War 7.1.3). In God's cosmic temple there is no uncleanness. Looking Northwest to the Temple of Herod. [24] For example, the emperor Caligula (AD 3741) demanded his statue be erected and worshipped in the temple courtyards resulting in a widespread Jewish revolt. . Only the High Priest was permitted to enter here, and only on Yom Kippur. [1] According to Deuteronomy 12, after the temple was built all sacrifices were to be done only at the Jerusalem temple. The Mishnaic tractate Middot relates that in the upper story of the Holy of Holies were openings through which they could let down workmen in boxes to assist in the maintenance of this space (Middot 4.5). 5, R. V. margin), was 20 cubits high and presented the shape of a cube. Upon taking back the Temple Mount, Judas and his men set about cleansing the temple in preparation for restoring the sacrifices. Christ will come and bless his people after cleaning the Holy of Holies in heaven (Heb 9:23).[27]. The exact location of the Holy of Holies is a contentious issue, as elements of questioning the exact placement of the Temple are often associated with Temple denial. In it was placed the Ark (ib. From the quote above, I believe that there was probably some kind of altar in the holy of holies, but I am not sure. [11] The dimensions of Herods temple are given in cubits and/or stadia in the ancient sources; while the length of a cubit probably varied through time, most believe that the cubit used in the building of the temple was the long cubit. iii. According to Jewish tradition, the people prostrated themselves fully on the ground when it was said. Bible. An embroidered flap of the breastplate folded behind forming a pouch wherein the high priest kept the divinatory instruments (the Urim and Thummim), representing the means of inquiring and receiving the will of the Lord. The biblical descriptions of the furnishings of the temple rarely specify the symbolic meaning of the temple or its furnishings. To the north of the altar was the Place of Slaughtering where the sacrificial animals were butchered and skinned. Separating the Holy Place from the Holy of Holies was another veil. The Holy Place and Holy of Holies were the same size as in Solomon's or Zerubbabel's temple. Drive back to Bethlehem for Dinner. The Temple in First-Century Judaism and Christianity, Add an RSC shortcut to this device's Homescreen, In the menu, scroll past any icons and tap. However, a different opinion states that the broken tablets were kept in a separate Ark, that the Torah Scroll had its own special place on a shelf alongside the Ark. Hebrews 89 portrays Jesus as the high priest and explains his act of reconciliation between God and humans in terms of the ritual of the Day of Atonement when the high priest would take the blood of the sacrifice into the Holy of Holies and sprinkle it on the mercy seat, thereby reconciling God and his children (Leviticus 16). Regarding this phenomena, the Talmud states that the Ark was above the natural realm of space. [3] For a review of the history and theology of the Israelite temples, see Menahem Haran, Temples and Temple Service in Ancient Israel (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1978); Margaret Barker, The Gate of Heaven: The History and Symbolism of the Temple in Jerusalem (London: SPCK, 1991); William J. Hamblin and David Rolph Seely, Solomons Temple in Myth and History (London: Thames & Hudson, 2007); and John M. Lundquist, The Temple of Jerusalem: Past, Present, and Future (Westport, CN: Praeger, 2008). The temple had a function for each of these festivals. On the High Priest's fourth entry into the Holy of Holies he removed the incense vessel and coal shovel. The menorah is described as being shaped like a tree consisting of a central axis and three branches on each side, making seven branches in all. . In this prophecy Jesus also quoted the prophecy of Daniel of the abomination of desolation connected with the destruction of Jerusalem and the desecration of the temple, and he advised those who wished to be preserved to stand in the holy place and flee into the mountains (Joseph SmithMatthew 1:1213; compare Matthew 24:1516).
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