This stands for the homegrown concepts that are studied using indigenous psychological methodologies or orientation. interpersonal relations by going along with the group or the majority decision, i., Utang na loob. organizational expression. made the important point that one can use pakikipagkuwentuhan in practically any igure out how the research method will work most efectively. WebView Notes - Intro to SikoPil.pdf from PSYCHOLOGY 426 at National University College. from the foregoing discussion is the fact that, Sikolohiyang Pilipino, several years Despite this welcome body with a local dress. He basically questioned Sikolohiyang Pilipinos position WebSikolohiyang Pilipino. She compared the pakikipagkuwentuhan of the 1980s to that of the 1990s and corrected the mistaken notion that this is used only for sensitive and difficult topics/issues. Without a clear definition, the direction of the movement would not have been as focused and solid. (c) Ethnic psychology Major basis of Sikolohiyang Pilipino for integrating A response to non-western critique over the Anglo-American dominance in the international academe, this discipline is the first indigenous psychology ever taught at a university. of it. criticized Western methods of Psychology. 6. (Read more: A Moral Recovery Program: Building a PeopleBuilding a Nation by Patricia Licuanan). [] ROOTS OF THE FILIPINO CHARACTER [ [] of which tend to be impersonal. stance and re-examine its methodology. agriculture, art, mass media, religion, etc. The second level underscored In fact, they have their own culture and speak their own language. While there may be no research as yet on cross-cultural comparisons of the concepts and theories developed by Enriquez, there are already various attempts at applying such concepts to understand other social and cultural realities (De la Torre, 1995; Lopez, 1996) In other words, the body of knowledge is there. For example, if the publication of the research report will jeopardize the situation of the people, then it should not be continued. Born in the province of Bulacan, Philippines, Virgilio Gaspar Enriquez was trained by his father to speak the native tongue fluently since he was a child. Enriquez (1978, 1994) started unfolding the concept of kapwa (shared identity), which is at the core of Filipino social psychology, and which is at the heart of the structure of Filipino values. concepts and theories developed by Enriquez, there are already various attempts at In his Cultural revalidation is a better term for it, as Enriquez (1992) suggested. The test administration procedures were also adapted to Filipino ways (Enriquez & Guanzon, 1985). Although Filipino psychology is typically thought of as a relationships that binds a person to his or her home community or home country. Psychology, according to Salazar, is necessarily part of culture. Enriquezs most signiicant contribution to the Sikolohiyang Pilipino movement Utang na loob is a calling heard by many Filipinos who go to other lands but who still retain strong ties with their homeland. For centuries, Filipino behavior has been analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. There are at But are they Jose Rizals children? In the area of Filipino Personality, Enriquez, together with PPRH, developed the language (Enriquez, 1992, p. 22). knowledge cannot be found at the level of phenomenon or experience but rather in Fifth, the language of the people should be the language of research at all times. eforts have in fact come a long way, as can be seen in the history of psychological sama/lakas ng loob (resentment/guts) and pakikibaka (resistance) as Utang na loob was translated by Kaut (1961) as debt of gratitude. counsellors to non-directive ones who are perceived to be detached and non-caring. that developing a particularistic psychology such as Filipino psychology is not anti- According to her, culture is not given nor static. She noted that these emphatic feeling for another andskill in sizing up each other involved in pakiramdam were active emotional processes that involved great attention to subtle cues. . interpersonal relationships that Filipinos are most concerned with, but (In fact the authors believe that regionalism is a myth, woven to sow disunity among Filipinos.) elements in mainstream culture and psychology that are transformative and 
She proposes to de-construct the categorized as hindi-ibang-tao, then you can expect pakikipagpalagayang-loob This conventional interpretation of hiya is inadequate because it does not take into account the importance of understanding how affixations in Philippine languages can give a new meaning to a word. material for his theories from his critical understanding of culture and history. 
What is non-moral standards? Initially, she used the terminologies recommended by the National Science scientiic psychology, the ideas and teachings of Ricardo Pascual, logical analysis of It is through pakikiramdam that a researcher will know when to ask Many Filipino intellectuals, For example, the predisposition to indirectness of Filipino communication was regarded as being dishonest and socially ingratiating and reflecting a deceptive verbal description of reality (Lawless, 1969, cited in Enriquez, 1992) rather than a concern for the feelings of others. Impact on the teaching of psychology in the Philippines, In a U. panunuluyan (residing in the research setting) (San Juan & Soriaga, 1985). We put forward now that what is generally considered as universal psychology is based on the psychology of industrialized and developed countries of the West. It declares both the scientific and the construction and interpretation of meaningful concepts and theories. considers the similarity of observations of phenomena and diverse cultural Pioneering eforts were made by Elizabeth For example, if one is regarded as ibang-tao, the before asking questions on topics that are not that common to people. The theoretical framework and methodology emerge from the experiences of the people from the indigenous culture. in some French for comfort, the Filipino masses speak Filipino and a regional fatalistic reputation into a value: Devil may care! was transformed into determination in the face of uncertaintya value that stimulates resourcefulness and the creativity to survive Bahala-na stimulates action, not [in]action; it is not invoked to avoid or forget problems; it implies perseverance and hard work; it instills the courage to see oneself through hard times, noted the late Alfredo Lagmay. While there may be diferences in thinking between Salazar and Enriquez as Ang Pagbibigay Serbisyo/Paglilingkod ng Komunidad at Karapatan ng Bawat Kasapi, Kahalagahan ng mga Paglilingkod o Serbisyo sa Komunidad: Mga Ahensiya ng Pamahalaan, Anyong Lupa at Tubig: Mga Tanyag sa Pilipinas, Pagtangkilik sa Sariling Produkto: Mga Pagdiriwang (Festivals), Proyekto, at Gawain, Kultura ng Pilipinas: Ang Pagkakakilanlang Kultural at mga Produkto ng Komunidad, Halimbawa ng katutubong konsepto ng sikolohiyang pilipino, SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO (also called Filipino Psychology or Indigenous Filipino Psychology, A Moral Recovery Program: Building a PeopleBuilding a Nation by Patricia Licuanan, Organization of American States: Mga Layunin, Jose Rizal: On the Full Name of the Filipino Hero, Jose Rizal height: A discussion on how tall (or short) our hero was, Jose Rizal Family Tree: The Ancestry of the Hero, Ang Epekto ng Migrasyon sa Aspektong Panlipunan, Pampulitika, at Pangkabuhayan, Ang Epekto Ng Climate Change Sa Kapaligiran, Lipunan, At Kabuhayan Ng Tao Sa Bansa At Sa Daigdig, Some Ways to Become a Responsible Adolescent, Nasyonalismo at Patriotismo: Ang Pagkakaiba, Adolescent Stage of Development: Understanding what is happening among teenagers, What is the Meaning of Life? Tangco is in the process of writing his Ph.D. dissertation, focusing on the metaphors that guide discourse in Sikolohiyang Pilipino as well as determine its methodology. His Western education actually drove him to be more Filipino-oriented in his teaching and research in psychology. Bartolome. In terms of areas of protest, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is against a psychology that FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) refers to the acknowledged through an award or a tribute (parangal, which is actually pa-dangal) The Philippine Salazar (1981, 1985b) expounded on affixation and hiya and showed the internal and external aspects of hiya. Salazar (1985b), through his analysis of indigenous history and culture of the 
This disenchantment continued as Filipinos struggled to assert their national and cultural identity. Indigenization from within. She proposes to de-construct the hegemonic discourse by using discourse analysis in the context of a postmodern (post colonial) perspective. Pakiramdam, in a way, binds all Filipino values as it operates behind all of them. (Psychology 108) was concerned. It is often not clear indigenous to the culture. It is in their else butt in in the middle of an interview session is not something to be upset over; Using the Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective, Enriquez (1992) re-conceptualized the Filipino behaviour patterns and value structure where he designated hiya(propriety/ dignity), utang na loob (gratitude/solidarity) and pakikisama (companionship/ esteem) as colonial/accommodative surface values; and bahala na (determination), sama/lakas ng loob (resentment/guts) and pakikibaka (resistance) as confrontative surface values. WebSikolohiyang Pilipino is to contribute to universal psychology, which can be realized only if each group of people is adequately understood by themselves and from their own perspective. various countries to teach, do research, and participate in conferences. culture, and applications and bases of Filipino psychology in health practices, They go to performances in cultural centres and theatres. It is a beautiful element of Filipino interpersonal relationships that binds a person to his or her home community or home country. from a local or a foreign perspective). Andres (1994, pp. 
English for Academics; English-for-academic-and-professional-purposes-quarter-2-module-2 compress; Module 2 Katutubong Konsepto SA Sikolohiyang Pilipino 1. Development of indigenous research methods, The impact of Sikolohiyang Pilipino was greatly felt in the area of social research methods. It is also against the imposition to a Third World country of psychologies developed in industrialized countries. research of not being enmeshed and bound by the culture being studied has Enriquez (1985) later defined Sikolohiyang Pilipino as the study of diwa (psyche), which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts from awareness to motives to behavior (p. 160). (1977) explained that bahala na is not fatalism but determination and risk- for the exploitation of the masses. Salazar (1985b), through his analysis of indigenous history and culture of the Filipinos, points out the internality-externality component in the Filipino personality. 
Such a universal psychology is perhaps more of a vision than a reality. Sikolohiyang Pilipino, according to him, should focus on the lived experiences of people immersed in Philippine life and culture. Pilipino as articulated by Enriquez. taking. 1975) and a 1976 article on perspectives and directions of Sikolohiyang Pilipino Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? specialized areas such as child psychology, psychology of the arts, psychology of involved), or the highest level of pakikiisa (being one with). Psychology faculty meeting in 1970, Lagmay asked the staf who would like In 1978, Sikolohiyang Pilipino as a subject was instituted and ofered at the That the before basis: Three Core Concept of the values of the Phillipine Personality Theory: the Kapwa, Pakiramdam and Kagandahang loob that has been interpreted as share identity, shared inner perception and shared humanity must be change. to teach psychology in Filipino. In the 1970s and 1980s there were quite a number of these organizations in the ), Initial work on developing Sikolohiyang Pilipino concentrated on a type of Many Filipino intellectuals, notably the two Philippine heroes Jose Rizal and Apolinario Mabini, expressed dissatisfaction at the pejorative interpretations of Filipino behavior by Western observers. If you have taken the time to understand their cultural ways, you will know that it is very important to spend time establishing rapport, letting them interview you first so they would feel comfortable enough to disclose their opinions, knowledge and experiences to you. 
Non-government organizations involved in community education particularly in grassroots leadership formation have developed a training module on Sikolohiyang Pilipino that has proven to be quite relevant and useful to their work. This is only possible when Sikolohiyang Pilipino embarks on a search for its essence through indigenous concepts and methods. It is methodologically on the side of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a bias for wholeness. formulations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. For example, having somebody else butt in in the middle of an interview session is not something to be upset over; one should go through the process of getting to know each other first informally before asking questions on topics that are not that common to people. Answer: Filipino psychology (sikolohiyang Pilipino in Filipino) is the scientific study of psychology derived from the experience, ideas, and cultural orientation of the Filipinos. He even looked beyond It was And in the 1990s, tests were developed to measure a wide variety of. postgraduate training in Europe. Professors Fredegusto David and Amaryllis Torres responded to They visit the indigenous healers for (Enriquez, 1976), he distinguished Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) from indigenous method, multi-method multi-language approach, appropriate ield One simply has to examine the attitudes, beliefs, values and practices of the Filipino and give importance to the Filipinos personhood and aspirations as a people. version of the originally borrowed test was produced. This heightened sensitivity serves as a survival tool in a society where much social interactions are carried on without words. promote a more regional focus, and to encourage a more national view of Utang na loob is a program focused mainly on crisis intervention through treatment and rehabilitation As such, it includes in its study the IKSP of healing from the babaylan and arbolaryos (native shamans and healers), as well as the religio-political approaches of Filipino mystics and folk heroes, and other ancestral ways of knowing. Third, the welfare of the research participants take precedence over the data After all is said and done, the more appropriate translation of hiya in English is not shame but sense of propriety. Moreover, Sikolohiyang Pilipino aims to shape psychology In fact at this point, it can truly be said that Sikolohiyang Pilipino has long started that process through its articulation and elucidation of new concepts and methods that have been considered meaningful not only for Filipinos but also for some other Asian cultures as well. Initially, students avoided classes BS in Psychology 100% (8) Module 2 Katutubong Konsepto SA Sikolohiyang Pilipino 1. It presents an alternative framework of looking at human behavior particularly in the context of non-Western cultures and identifies key concepts in understanding the Filipino's mind, personality, and behavior. concerned with folk practices or indigenous techniques of healing, popular religio- actually have cross-cultural similarities in the dimensions they measure (Guanzon- In many of the research methods, research development, however, she decried the tendency of local test users to use foreign- 1973) as a Filipino value, giving it the English translation of maintaining smooth It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of peoples daily life. The second level underscored the socio-economic and political roots of the problem and their consequences on the childs rights and welfare (Protacio-Marcelino, 1985). na as the Filipino attitude that makes him accept suferings and problems, leaving predominantly Western in theory and in methodology. But after a few years, they became comfortable in Filipino classes. Evidently, it is the external aspect which foreign scholars have captured. She made the important point that one can use pakikipagkuwentuhan in practically any given situation in the spirit of pakikipagkapwa. account the importance of understanding how aixations in Philippine languages and external aspects of hiya. psychology. WebSikolohiyang Pilipino movement is a movement that created to address the colonial background in psychology in the country. humanistic approaches as valid. This stream includes indigenous In fact, one important meaning of sikolohiyang Pilipino is sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino or Filipino psychology and character. They further noted encompass the subtleties of Asian cultures. The most important aspect of thisdeinition is the They further noted that the 1970s saw tests developed in creativity, self-perception, personality and vocational testing, and the 1980s an increased interest in personality testing, with a number of researchers doing studies on the Filipino child and the Filipino adolescent. Enriquez did not stop at hypothesis-generation (level of perceptual knowledge and To the Filipinos, they are being frank about their feelings, but they just do not express this verbally. Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood Pakikisama was identified by Lynch (1961, 1973) as a Filipino value, giving it the English translation of maintaining smooth interpersonal relations by going along with the group or the majority decision, i.e., conformity. There are two categories of kapwa: the Ibang-Tao (outsider) and the Hindi-Ibang-Tao (one-of-us). It is the profound deep inner feeling that fuels all pertinent deeds. During his lifetime, Enriquez traveled a lot and in some cases lived for some time in various countries to teach, do research, and participate in conferences. One essential ability that researchers must possess, whatever method they are using, is pakikiramdam, a special kind of sensitivity to cues which will guide them in their interaction with group members, especially with Filipinos who are used to indirect and non-verbal manner of communicating and expressing thoughts, attitudes, feelings and emotions. tendency for Sikolohiyang Pilipino to gloss over negative aspects of Philippine Sikolohiyang Pilipino also became more responsible and responsive to the needs of Filipinos due to the philosophy that we need to make psychology benefit and be of service to the people. It is assumed that all human beings are the same and their context in time and space is not important. (We will return to this important issue towards the end of this article.). Following this debate closely is Roberto Tangco who teaches Philosophy at the For example, he would ask the young Virgilio to read the days English language paper, but read it out loud in Filipino as if it was originally written in that language. In the context of evaluating a persons personality using these core values, a Filipino is said to possess a pleasant personality, that is, living up to Filipino values and culture, if he or she acts in accordance with and from the motive of these core values. the textbook deinition of psychology as the study of behaviour and thoughts to The concept of a great cultural divide is a legacy which Enriquez has left behind, food for serious thought, for both academician and layman alike. The most important aspect of this definition is the Filipino orientation. the dearth of locally developed tests (Carlota, 1980; Guanzon, 1985; Lazo, 1977; The most prominent debate in In his 1975 article on the bases of Sikolohiyang Pilipino on culture and history (Enriquez, 1975) and a 1976 article on perspectives and directions of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Enriquez, 1976), he distinguished Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) from Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas (psychology in the Philippines the general form of psychology in the Philippine context) and Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino (psychology of the Filipinos theorizing about the psychological nature of the Filipinos, whether from a local or a foreign perspective). be empowering. For example, if the publication of the research report (Enriquez, 1976). particularly in the area of personality measurement. is a legacy which Enriquez has left behind, food for serious thought, for both this in a continuum. pakikipagkuwentuhan of the 1980s to that of the 1990s and corrected the their objectives. It is not anti-Western theory and methods either, but against a non-selective use of imposition of Western knowledge. For instance, in the area of personality, the Western approach in research of not being enmeshed and bound by the culture being studied has resulted in a characterization of the Filipino from the judgmental and impressionistic point of view of the colonizers (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). Ito ang sikolohiyang bunga ng Karanasa, Kaisipan, at Oryentasyong Pilipino (KKO). Ed.). The late Virgilio Enriquez explained kapwa as the unity of the one-of-us- and-the-other and upheld that it entailed moral and normative elements that mandated people to treat one another as fellow human being, and therefore as equal, a perspective certainly inconsistent with exploitative or abusive human interactions. It is also against the imposition to a Third World This tradition is chiefly focused on what is called Rational psychology.. that regionalism is a myth, woven to sow disunity among Filipinos.) Association for Filipino Psychology), as well as several monographs by the PPRTH. interest.. inevitably culture-bound, the picture of the Filipino has been inaccurate, if not Carlota (1980) noted several trends in personality measurement, citing developments in the areas of personality testing, and the measurement of abilities and aptitudes, and of deviant behavior. analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. the psychology of the Filipino. The most important aspect of this definition is the Filipino orientation. when put together eventually leads to the formation of universal knowledge in He argues that the valuing of a universal psychology is not reflected in Sikolohiyang Pilipinos accumulated body of literature and research data. the theoretical framework and methodology emerge from the experiences of the measurement, and saw a recent upsurge in the development of indigenous Despite this welcome development, however, she decried the tendency of local test users to use foreign-made tests lock, stock, and barrel, with no attempt whatsoever to adapt these tests through item or test modification, test translation, or development of local norms. Enriquez named this shared perception as heightened awareness and sensitivity of Filipinos while his student Rita Mataragnon described it as emotional a-priori of Filipino people. culture and language. which is a virtue expected of unmarried Filipino women. indigenization which is based largely on simple translation of concepts, methods, Sikolohiyang Pilipino orientation and tradition though they may no longer have the For instance, in the area of personality, the Western approach in The Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective interprets bahala na differently. It is based on assessing historical and socio- The reaction to the use of Filipino was varied. The PPRTH is currently doing a three-year research project commissioned by the Education for Life Foundation (ELF) to look into the Filipino concept of a grassroot leader and the elements of Filipino leadership. It is As implied by the term itself, pakapa-kapa is an approach characterized by groping, searching and probing into an unsystematized mass of social and cultural data to obtain order, meaning and directions for research (Torres, 1982, p. 171). the area was initiated by Zeus Salazar, a historian who did most of his graduate and Researchers cannot expect people to adjust to the method; the method should adjust to the people. Many a time, the relationship between the researcher and the research participants continues long after the research is over. WebWhat is the importance of studying Rizal; Newest. Assumpta David (a nun), was published. 1975 article on the bases of Sikolohiyang Pilipino on culture and history (Enriquez, Universality of psychology. articulated in Sikolohiyang Pilipino in discovering the richness of indigenous To many traditional researchers, her approach was avant-garde for she believed that it is not necessary to have a clear-cut research design nor a review of related literature before embarking on a research, especially if existing written materials are foreign to the culture being studied. do not share the Philippine cultural experience, and hardly speak any Philippine looking at the problem of the children at two levels. While the elite speak English and occasionally throw psychology. In 1966, he left for the United States to pursue a Masters, then later a Doctoral degree in Psychology at Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois. vocational testing, and the 1980s an increased interest in personality testing, with a His father would always find time to have a discussion with him in Filipino. Fourth, the method to be used in a research should be chosen on the basis of appropriateness to the population (and not sophistication of the method) and it should be made to adapt to existing cultural norms. While there may be no research as yet on cross-cultural comparisons of the Filipino personality test development efforts have in fact come a long way, as can be seen in the history of psychological measurement in the Philippines. enculturation/socialization, and proto- clinical practice). First, there should be a psychological tradition in Philippine culture before one can say that there is such a concept as Sikolohiyang Pilipino. 
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Drove him to be detached and non-caring direction of the children at two levels of them ), as as. Developed the language ( Enriquez, 1976 ) important meaning of Sikolohiyang Pilipino on culture and history (,.
She proposes to de-construct the categorized as hindi-ibang-tao, then you can expect pakikipagpalagayang-loob This conventional interpretation of hiya is inadequate because it does not take into account the importance of understanding how affixations in Philippine languages can give a new meaning to a word. material for his theories from his critical understanding of culture and history. What is non-moral standards? Initially, she used the terminologies recommended by the National Science scientiic psychology, the ideas and teachings of Ricardo Pascual, logical analysis of It is through pakikiramdam that a researcher will know when to ask Many Filipino intellectuals, For example, the predisposition to indirectness of Filipino communication was regarded as being dishonest and socially ingratiating and reflecting a deceptive verbal description of reality (Lawless, 1969, cited in Enriquez, 1992) rather than a concern for the feelings of others. Impact on the teaching of psychology in the Philippines, In a U. panunuluyan (residing in the research setting) (San Juan & Soriaga, 1985). We put forward now that what is generally considered as universal psychology is based on the psychology of industrialized and developed countries of the West. It declares both the scientific and the construction and interpretation of meaningful concepts and theories. considers the similarity of observations of phenomena and diverse cultural Pioneering eforts were made by Elizabeth For example, if one is regarded as ibang-tao, the before asking questions on topics that are not that common to people. The theoretical framework and methodology emerge from the experiences of the people from the indigenous culture. in some French for comfort, the Filipino masses speak Filipino and a regional fatalistic reputation into a value: Devil may care! was transformed into determination in the face of uncertaintya value that stimulates resourcefulness and the creativity to survive Bahala-na stimulates action, not [in]action; it is not invoked to avoid or forget problems; it implies perseverance and hard work; it instills the courage to see oneself through hard times, noted the late Alfredo Lagmay. While there may be diferences in thinking between Salazar and Enriquez as Ang Pagbibigay Serbisyo/Paglilingkod ng Komunidad at Karapatan ng Bawat Kasapi, Kahalagahan ng mga Paglilingkod o Serbisyo sa Komunidad: Mga Ahensiya ng Pamahalaan, Anyong Lupa at Tubig: Mga Tanyag sa Pilipinas, Pagtangkilik sa Sariling Produkto: Mga Pagdiriwang (Festivals), Proyekto, at Gawain, Kultura ng Pilipinas: Ang Pagkakakilanlang Kultural at mga Produkto ng Komunidad, Halimbawa ng katutubong konsepto ng sikolohiyang pilipino, SIKOLOHIYANG PILIPINO (also called Filipino Psychology or Indigenous Filipino Psychology, A Moral Recovery Program: Building a PeopleBuilding a Nation by Patricia Licuanan, Organization of American States: Mga Layunin, Jose Rizal: On the Full Name of the Filipino Hero, Jose Rizal height: A discussion on how tall (or short) our hero was, Jose Rizal Family Tree: The Ancestry of the Hero, Ang Epekto ng Migrasyon sa Aspektong Panlipunan, Pampulitika, at Pangkabuhayan, Ang Epekto Ng Climate Change Sa Kapaligiran, Lipunan, At Kabuhayan Ng Tao Sa Bansa At Sa Daigdig, Some Ways to Become a Responsible Adolescent, Nasyonalismo at Patriotismo: Ang Pagkakaiba, Adolescent Stage of Development: Understanding what is happening among teenagers, What is the Meaning of Life? Tangco is in the process of writing his Ph.D. dissertation, focusing on the metaphors that guide discourse in Sikolohiyang Pilipino as well as determine its methodology. His Western education actually drove him to be more Filipino-oriented in his teaching and research in psychology. Bartolome. In terms of areas of protest, Sikolohiyang Pilipino is against a psychology that FILIPINO PSYCHOLOGY Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) refers to the acknowledged through an award or a tribute (parangal, which is actually pa-dangal) The Philippine Salazar (1981, 1985b) expounded on affixation and hiya and showed the internal and external aspects of hiya. Salazar (1985b), through his analysis of indigenous history and culture of the This disenchantment continued as Filipinos struggled to assert their national and cultural identity. Indigenization from within. She proposes to de-construct the hegemonic discourse by using discourse analysis in the context of a postmodern (post colonial) perspective. Pakiramdam, in a way, binds all Filipino values as it operates behind all of them. (Psychology 108) was concerned. It is often not clear indigenous to the culture. It is in their else butt in in the middle of an interview session is not something to be upset over; Using the Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective, Enriquez (1992) re-conceptualized the Filipino behaviour patterns and value structure where he designated hiya(propriety/ dignity), utang na loob (gratitude/solidarity) and pakikisama (companionship/ esteem) as colonial/accommodative surface values; and bahala na (determination), sama/lakas ng loob (resentment/guts) and pakikibaka (resistance) as confrontative surface values. WebSikolohiyang Pilipino is to contribute to universal psychology, which can be realized only if each group of people is adequately understood by themselves and from their own perspective. various countries to teach, do research, and participate in conferences. culture, and applications and bases of Filipino psychology in health practices, They go to performances in cultural centres and theatres. It is a beautiful element of Filipino interpersonal relationships that binds a person to his or her home community or home country. from a local or a foreign perspective). Andres (1994, pp. English for Academics; English-for-academic-and-professional-purposes-quarter-2-module-2 compress; Module 2 Katutubong Konsepto SA Sikolohiyang Pilipino 1. Development of indigenous research methods, The impact of Sikolohiyang Pilipino was greatly felt in the area of social research methods. It is also against the imposition to a Third World country of psychologies developed in industrialized countries. research of not being enmeshed and bound by the culture being studied has Enriquez (1985) later defined Sikolohiyang Pilipino as the study of diwa (psyche), which in Filipino directly refers to the wealth of ideas referred to by the philosophical concept of essence and an entire range of psychological concepts from awareness to motives to behavior (p. 160). (1977) explained that bahala na is not fatalism but determination and risk- for the exploitation of the masses. Salazar (1985b), through his analysis of indigenous history and culture of the Filipinos, points out the internality-externality component in the Filipino personality. Such a universal psychology is perhaps more of a vision than a reality. Sikolohiyang Pilipino, according to him, should focus on the lived experiences of people immersed in Philippine life and culture. Pilipino as articulated by Enriquez. taking. 1975) and a 1976 article on perspectives and directions of Sikolohiyang Pilipino Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? specialized areas such as child psychology, psychology of the arts, psychology of involved), or the highest level of pakikiisa (being one with). Psychology faculty meeting in 1970, Lagmay asked the staf who would like In 1978, Sikolohiyang Pilipino as a subject was instituted and ofered at the That the before basis: Three Core Concept of the values of the Phillipine Personality Theory: the Kapwa, Pakiramdam and Kagandahang loob that has been interpreted as share identity, shared inner perception and shared humanity must be change. to teach psychology in Filipino. In the 1970s and 1980s there were quite a number of these organizations in the ), Initial work on developing Sikolohiyang Pilipino concentrated on a type of Many Filipino intellectuals, notably the two Philippine heroes Jose Rizal and Apolinario Mabini, expressed dissatisfaction at the pejorative interpretations of Filipino behavior by Western observers. If you have taken the time to understand their cultural ways, you will know that it is very important to spend time establishing rapport, letting them interview you first so they would feel comfortable enough to disclose their opinions, knowledge and experiences to you. Non-government organizations involved in community education particularly in grassroots leadership formation have developed a training module on Sikolohiyang Pilipino that has proven to be quite relevant and useful to their work. This is only possible when Sikolohiyang Pilipino embarks on a search for its essence through indigenous concepts and methods. It is methodologically on the side of analysis but interprets the result of analysis with a bias for wholeness. formulations of Sikolohiyang Pilipino were formally articulated. For example, having somebody else butt in in the middle of an interview session is not something to be upset over; one should go through the process of getting to know each other first informally before asking questions on topics that are not that common to people. Answer: Filipino psychology (sikolohiyang Pilipino in Filipino) is the scientific study of psychology derived from the experience, ideas, and cultural orientation of the Filipinos. He even looked beyond It was And in the 1990s, tests were developed to measure a wide variety of. postgraduate training in Europe. Professors Fredegusto David and Amaryllis Torres responded to They visit the indigenous healers for (Enriquez, 1976), he distinguished Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) from indigenous method, multi-method multi-language approach, appropriate ield One simply has to examine the attitudes, beliefs, values and practices of the Filipino and give importance to the Filipinos personhood and aspirations as a people. version of the originally borrowed test was produced. This heightened sensitivity serves as a survival tool in a society where much social interactions are carried on without words. promote a more regional focus, and to encourage a more national view of Utang na loob is a program focused mainly on crisis intervention through treatment and rehabilitation As such, it includes in its study the IKSP of healing from the babaylan and arbolaryos (native shamans and healers), as well as the religio-political approaches of Filipino mystics and folk heroes, and other ancestral ways of knowing. Third, the welfare of the research participants take precedence over the data After all is said and done, the more appropriate translation of hiya in English is not shame but sense of propriety. Moreover, Sikolohiyang Pilipino aims to shape psychology In fact at this point, it can truly be said that Sikolohiyang Pilipino has long started that process through its articulation and elucidation of new concepts and methods that have been considered meaningful not only for Filipinos but also for some other Asian cultures as well. Initially, students avoided classes BS in Psychology 100% (8) Module 2 Katutubong Konsepto SA Sikolohiyang Pilipino 1. It presents an alternative framework of looking at human behavior particularly in the context of non-Western cultures and identifies key concepts in understanding the Filipino's mind, personality, and behavior. concerned with folk practices or indigenous techniques of healing, popular religio- actually have cross-cultural similarities in the dimensions they measure (Guanzon- In many of the research methods, research development, however, she decried the tendency of local test users to use foreign- 1973) as a Filipino value, giving it the English translation of maintaining smooth It is thus concerned with proper applications to health, agriculture, art, mass media, religion, and other spheres of peoples daily life. The second level underscored the socio-economic and political roots of the problem and their consequences on the childs rights and welfare (Protacio-Marcelino, 1985). na as the Filipino attitude that makes him accept suferings and problems, leaving predominantly Western in theory and in methodology. But after a few years, they became comfortable in Filipino classes. Evidently, it is the external aspect which foreign scholars have captured. She made the important point that one can use pakikipagkuwentuhan in practically any given situation in the spirit of pakikipagkapwa. account the importance of understanding how aixations in Philippine languages and external aspects of hiya. psychology. WebSikolohiyang Pilipino movement is a movement that created to address the colonial background in psychology in the country. humanistic approaches as valid. This stream includes indigenous In fact, one important meaning of sikolohiyang Pilipino is sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino or Filipino psychology and character. They further noted encompass the subtleties of Asian cultures. The most important aspect of thisdeinition is the They further noted that the 1970s saw tests developed in creativity, self-perception, personality and vocational testing, and the 1980s an increased interest in personality testing, with a number of researchers doing studies on the Filipino child and the Filipino adolescent. Enriquez did not stop at hypothesis-generation (level of perceptual knowledge and To the Filipinos, they are being frank about their feelings, but they just do not express this verbally. Sikolohiyang Pilipino is anchored on Filipino thought and experience as understood Pakikisama was identified by Lynch (1961, 1973) as a Filipino value, giving it the English translation of maintaining smooth interpersonal relations by going along with the group or the majority decision, i.e., conformity. There are two categories of kapwa: the Ibang-Tao (outsider) and the Hindi-Ibang-Tao (one-of-us). It is the profound deep inner feeling that fuels all pertinent deeds. During his lifetime, Enriquez traveled a lot and in some cases lived for some time in various countries to teach, do research, and participate in conferences. One essential ability that researchers must possess, whatever method they are using, is pakikiramdam, a special kind of sensitivity to cues which will guide them in their interaction with group members, especially with Filipinos who are used to indirect and non-verbal manner of communicating and expressing thoughts, attitudes, feelings and emotions. tendency for Sikolohiyang Pilipino to gloss over negative aspects of Philippine Sikolohiyang Pilipino also became more responsible and responsive to the needs of Filipinos due to the philosophy that we need to make psychology benefit and be of service to the people. It is assumed that all human beings are the same and their context in time and space is not important. (We will return to this important issue towards the end of this article.). Following this debate closely is Roberto Tangco who teaches Philosophy at the For example, he would ask the young Virgilio to read the days English language paper, but read it out loud in Filipino as if it was originally written in that language. In the context of evaluating a persons personality using these core values, a Filipino is said to possess a pleasant personality, that is, living up to Filipino values and culture, if he or she acts in accordance with and from the motive of these core values. the textbook deinition of psychology as the study of behaviour and thoughts to The concept of a great cultural divide is a legacy which Enriquez has left behind, food for serious thought, for both academician and layman alike. The most important aspect of this definition is the Filipino orientation. the dearth of locally developed tests (Carlota, 1980; Guanzon, 1985; Lazo, 1977; The most prominent debate in In his 1975 article on the bases of Sikolohiyang Pilipino on culture and history (Enriquez, 1975) and a 1976 article on perspectives and directions of Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Enriquez, 1976), he distinguished Sikolohiyang Pilipino (Filipino psychology) from Sikolohiya sa Pilipinas (psychology in the Philippines the general form of psychology in the Philippine context) and Sikolohiya ng mga Pilipino (psychology of the Filipinos theorizing about the psychological nature of the Filipinos, whether from a local or a foreign perspective). be empowering. For example, if the publication of the research report (Enriquez, 1976). particularly in the area of personality measurement. is a legacy which Enriquez has left behind, food for serious thought, for both this in a continuum. pakikipagkuwentuhan of the 1980s to that of the 1990s and corrected the their objectives. It is not anti-Western theory and methods either, but against a non-selective use of imposition of Western knowledge. For instance, in the area of personality, the Western approach in research of not being enmeshed and bound by the culture being studied has resulted in a characterization of the Filipino from the judgmental and impressionistic point of view of the colonizers (Enriquez, 1992, p. 57). Ito ang sikolohiyang bunga ng Karanasa, Kaisipan, at Oryentasyong Pilipino (KKO). Ed.). The late Virgilio Enriquez explained kapwa as the unity of the one-of-us- and-the-other and upheld that it entailed moral and normative elements that mandated people to treat one another as fellow human being, and therefore as equal, a perspective certainly inconsistent with exploitative or abusive human interactions. It is also against the imposition to a Third World This tradition is chiefly focused on what is called Rational psychology.. that regionalism is a myth, woven to sow disunity among Filipinos.) Association for Filipino Psychology), as well as several monographs by the PPRTH. interest.. inevitably culture-bound, the picture of the Filipino has been inaccurate, if not Carlota (1980) noted several trends in personality measurement, citing developments in the areas of personality testing, and the measurement of abilities and aptitudes, and of deviant behavior. analyzed and interpreted in the light of Western theories. the psychology of the Filipino. The most important aspect of this definition is the Filipino orientation. when put together eventually leads to the formation of universal knowledge in He argues that the valuing of a universal psychology is not reflected in Sikolohiyang Pilipinos accumulated body of literature and research data. the theoretical framework and methodology emerge from the experiences of the measurement, and saw a recent upsurge in the development of indigenous Despite this welcome development, however, she decried the tendency of local test users to use foreign-made tests lock, stock, and barrel, with no attempt whatsoever to adapt these tests through item or test modification, test translation, or development of local norms. Enriquez named this shared perception as heightened awareness and sensitivity of Filipinos while his student Rita Mataragnon described it as emotional a-priori of Filipino people. culture and language. which is a virtue expected of unmarried Filipino women. indigenization which is based largely on simple translation of concepts, methods, Sikolohiyang Pilipino orientation and tradition though they may no longer have the For instance, in the area of personality, the Western approach in The Sikolohiyang Pilipino perspective interprets bahala na differently. It is based on assessing historical and socio- The reaction to the use of Filipino was varied. The PPRTH is currently doing a three-year research project commissioned by the Education for Life Foundation (ELF) to look into the Filipino concept of a grassroot leader and the elements of Filipino leadership. It is As implied by the term itself, pakapa-kapa is an approach characterized by groping, searching and probing into an unsystematized mass of social and cultural data to obtain order, meaning and directions for research (Torres, 1982, p. 171). the area was initiated by Zeus Salazar, a historian who did most of his graduate and Researchers cannot expect people to adjust to the method; the method should adjust to the people. Many a time, the relationship between the researcher and the research participants continues long after the research is over. WebWhat is the importance of studying Rizal; Newest. Assumpta David (a nun), was published. 1975 article on the bases of Sikolohiyang Pilipino on culture and history (Enriquez, Universality of psychology. articulated in Sikolohiyang Pilipino in discovering the richness of indigenous To many traditional researchers, her approach was avant-garde for she believed that it is not necessary to have a clear-cut research design nor a review of related literature before embarking on a research, especially if existing written materials are foreign to the culture being studied. do not share the Philippine cultural experience, and hardly speak any Philippine looking at the problem of the children at two levels. While the elite speak English and occasionally throw psychology. In 1966, he left for the United States to pursue a Masters, then later a Doctoral degree in Psychology at Northwestern University at Evanston, Illinois. vocational testing, and the 1980s an increased interest in personality testing, with a His father would always find time to have a discussion with him in Filipino. Fourth, the method to be used in a research should be chosen on the basis of appropriateness to the population (and not sophistication of the method) and it should be made to adapt to existing cultural norms. While there may be no research as yet on cross-cultural comparisons of the Filipino personality test development efforts have in fact come a long way, as can be seen in the history of psychological measurement in the Philippines. enculturation/socialization, and proto- clinical practice). First, there should be a psychological tradition in Philippine culture before one can say that there is such a concept as Sikolohiyang Pilipino. 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