hurricane sandy westchester county
By using an updated IDF curve, 10- and 50-year design storms, as specified in the current Highway Design Manual, can continue to be used to provide an adequate number of drainage structures to accommodate end-of-century projections. Cumulatively, these floodplain storage locations lead to the reduction of peak discharges significantly in downstream reaches. In addition, these engineering informed assessments were conducted as part of a research study with limited resources and, in many cases, additional study and analysis would be required to fully assess the set of options for addressing the vulnerabilities identified through the assessment. [4] It is also an evacuation route for the Indian Point Nuclear Power Plant located in northern Westchester County, which makes it a critical route from a safety perspective. In New York City, the majority of deaths occurred in Figure 7: Overgrown grass and debris at a curb opening on Saw Mill River Parkway. Watershed Characteristics: The complexity of the Saw Mill Rivers watershed varies by location and plays a role in triggering riverine flooding events. The engineering informed adaptation assessments conducted for the Post-Hurricane Sandy Transportation Resilience Study in NY, NJ, and CT, focus on specific The proposed drainage system would also meet stormwater management requirements as the proposed design does not increase the amount of paved (impervious) area, which means the volume of water being discharged is either the same or less than the volume being discharged under current conditions. Specific projections for the frequency and magnitude of precipitation events were analyzed based on conversations with NYSDOT. The engineering informed adaptation assessments conducted for the Post-Hurricane Sandy Transportation Resilience Study in NY, NJ, and CT, focus on specific facilities in specific locations, and each of the assessments acknowledges and accounts for the local aspects of the assets. WHITE PLAINS As part of his ongoing probe of high gasoline prices in the wake of Hurricane Sandy, Attorney General Eric T. Schneiderman today announced that If a roadways longitudinal slopes are not steep enough to maintain the desired flow velocities for debris removal, a bioswale may work in conjunction with asphalt ditches in series, or an underdrain system may be installed as shown in Figure 9. The riser for a retention basin has an orifice at a higher elevation so that it retains a permanent pool of water. Only this weekend did Westchester Magazin e regain full capabilities with telephones, Internet, heat, and electricity. However, it is important for practitioners to remember that every facility and location is unique. Life remains trying and hectic for many in the aftermath of Hurricane Sandy. Closure of the Parkway would affect commuter traffic as it serves as a commuter route to Hudson River villages, Yonkers and Manhattan and as a reverse commute route to Tarrytown, White Plains and other destinations in the vicinity. pipe sizes, width of ditch, underdrain.) When the grass is overgrown and the ground is saturated from heavy rain, the grounds infiltration rate decreases. Appendices A.1 and A.2 shows the Saw Mill Rivers Flood Profiles in the vicinity of Dobbs Ferry, NY, highlighting factors that contribute to flooding. This total cost includes $350,000 of construction costs. US 9 (Broadway) is another detour route to the west, although it has significantly less excess capacity. If this strategy were to be implemented, the per-event avoided costs from moderate to heavy rainstorms are as follows: Considering these per-event costs of moderate to heavy rainstorms impacting the Parkway segment, and the annual frequency of these storms, the cumulative avoided costs as a result of implementing this strategy are significant when compared with the estimated costs of implementing this strategy, which are less than $1 Million, as discussed in detail in Section 6.1.4. The cost of updating design guidelines is assumed to be approximately $500,000. Home Return to County home page. EPA worked with the utility and the state to fix damaged equipment. When the debris restricts the rivers flow, water is no longer effectively conveyed in the channel. Co-Communications, Inc., Neighbor. When Hurricane Sandy hit on Oct. 29, it left more than 300,000 Westchester County residents without power, including more than 11,000 in White Plains, about half of Consolidated Edison's customers in the city. Weve taken precautions to make sure that if it does happen again, getting back up and running would be a quick process.. This system can provide the same flow capacity as an asphalt swale for flood events, while also providing ancillary benefits such as attenuating the peak flow through infiltration and storage in the soil, providing an aesthetic amenity, and improving water quality in downstream receiving waters. Closure of the Parkway would result in additional travel time and vehicle operating costs for people who use it to travel to work, for on-the-clock business trips, and for personal trips. There are 17 block groups in the southern part of the City of Yonkers west of the Parkway in which between 23 and 38 percent of the population is below the poverty level. See Figure 6 for the FIRM covering the area along the Saw Mill River Parkway in the vicinity of Lawrence Street. These costs can have broader impacts on the regional economy. Office of Planning, Environment, & Realty (, 6.2.3.2 Improvements to Drainage Via Green Infrastructure, http://www.safesecurevital.com/uploads/Westchester_English.PDF, http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acsbr12-02.pdf, https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/USDOT%20VOT%20Guidance%202014.pdf, http://nhts.ornl.gov/tables09/fatcat/2009/avo_TRPTRANS_WHYTRP1S.html, http://transportation.westchestergov.com/images/stories/pdfs/2014SysMapEng.pdf. Intense rainfall events above a threshold storm intensity, duration and frequency (specific to the location) raise the water surface elevation above its capacity to remain confined within the river channel. These IDF curves can be used to inform the process of updating drainage design guidelines. Considering the per-event costs of moderate to heavy rainstorms impacting the Parkway segment, and the annual frequency of these storms, the cumulative avoided costs as a result of implementing this strategy are significant when compared with the estimated costs of implementing this strategy, which are approximately $1.7 Million, as discussed in detail in Section 6.2.4. Such an analysis is outside the scope of this project. based on LF (SF bid cost) = 792,000, Pavement Restoration at Pipe Crossings = $65,400. [17] The per-minute cost for total traffic impacted for both types of events was then multiplied by the number of minutes per delay to capture to economic cost for all vehicles impacted for the length of the delay. If we had waited for the insurance company to cut us a check, we would have never opened in 2013. Recognizing that the entire Parkway as well as other similar roadways in Westchester County may be vulnerable to an increase in the frequency and magnitude of precipitation events of various return periods in the future, this assessment also proposes that drainage design guidelines be updated to account for the projected changes to extreme precipitation patterns. Another feasible strategy at the watershed level is to construct temporary floodwater storage facilities in the watershed to collect storm water and slowly release it at a controlled rate to prevent flooding and erosion downstream. Real Estate Agent with Keller Williams NY Realty. During a later storm event, the water surface elevation rises, but there is no flooding. When the blockage is cleared, the downstream flows will increase, possibly causing flooding issues. The principal owner of the stations, Sammy Eljamal, has agreed to pay $20,000 in penalties for charging unconscionably excessive prices after Hurricane Sandy. John Cornelius, a business analyst at the Small Business Development Center in Yonkers, reminds us that even two years later, some people are still struggling: Development centers like ours are the face of the HUDs New York Rising program, which offers small businesses grants of $50,000 and low-interest loans for disaster recovery, and its still very active. These projections have been developed for NYSERDA in partnership with NYSDOT. [16] Census.gov, New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA Metro Area, http://www.census.gov/prod/2013pubs/acsbr12-02.pdf, [17] Revised Departmental Guidance on Valuation of Travel Time in Economic Analysis, US DOT, June 2014, https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/USDOT%20VOT%20Guidance%202014.pdf, [18]National Household Travel Survey, U.S. Press Releases; Departments Look up County department; Boards and Commissions Contacts and meeting schedules; Alerts Goes to Emergency Services. Westchester County Communications Officer Sandy Fried, an Amateur Radio operator and ODES staff member, had recently attended a training seminar at the National Hurricane Center in Miami. Weve helped hundreds of businesses, and there are absolutely still businesses out there that need help. Percentage of the population below poverty level (%). A hydrologic model will simulate the conversion of rainfall into surface runoff. Causes of flooding include intense precipitation events, inadequate storage capacity in the Saw Mill River channel, characteristics unique to the Saw Mill River watershed, lack of maintenance of the channel, undersized roadway bridges across the channel, and development trends in the river floodplain, such as the location and elevation of the Saw Mill River Parkway. Prior to selecting an alternative, it is important to analyze impacts to both upstream and downstream floodplains. Central maintenance specifications will not need to be updated to implement this design recommendation. This strategy could potentially prevent adverse impacts on mobility and the economy from disruptions to the Parkway, which would otherwise occur during moderate to heavy rainstorms. [8] Metro North Railroads Hudson Line and Harlem Line can also accommodate north-south trips, although the Hudson Line is in a location prone to coastal as well as inland flooding. According to the FEMA Flood Insurance Study for Westchester County (2007), a significant amount of storage and routing occurs at locations of undersized bridges/culverts in the Saw Mill River floodplain. For a hurricane/severe flooding event, the full AADT was used because the closure was assumed to last 24 hours. [3] There are likely over a hundred bridges on the river. Rex Gedney of Crozier Gedney Architects, P.C., is focused on planning for the future, and not just for his clients: With more and more frequent storm events, raising homes became a growing part of our business. FEMA Flood Insurance Studies and Maps are a public source for flood hazard information and indicate an areas flood risk. Two alternate highway routes the New York State Thruway (I-87) and the Sprain Brook Parkway run parallel to the Saw Mill River Parkway and can accommodate longer-distance trips in the corridor when the Saw Mill River Parkway is closed. Public outreach and coordination will need to be performed and all towns will be involved in the decision making process. The flood elevation relative to the top of roadway elevation will indicate if the roadway will be inundated with water. At the facility-level, one option is to raise the elevation of the roadway above flood elevations. When the debris is cleared, the chance of flooding is decreased. See Figure 1 for a context map of all 10 study areas, with the Saw Mill River Parkway study area highlighted in red. This process can be further complicated with impacts to historic and cultural resources. Those penalties come on the heels of more than $300,000 penalties imposed on 47 other businesses for illegal gouging after Sandy. Alternatives to raising or relocating the roadway include: These alternatives will help to improve river conveyance. New Yorks State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO) helps to identify and preserve historic, archaeological, and cultural resources. [9] Mileage and time estimates are based on Google Maps. Chapter 8 of the NYSDOT Highway Design Manual specifies that highway storm drain systems should have a design life and anticipated service life equal to 70 years. The project began in April of 2014, and its nearing completion now.. As a first step in this analysis, the 2012 AADT (55,129[13]) was utilized to calculate the total traffic impacted over the duration of the closure for each event. See Figures 3 through 5 of two box culverts along the Saw Mill River in the town of Greenburg, south of Lawrence Street. For severe storms/hurricanes, only 40 percent were assumed to be affected and incur a cost, because the severity of these events is more predictable, and the duration of a closure is longer such that travelers can develop alternate plans (such as telecommuting) to avoid the hazard. The magnitude of precipitation events in the Parkway corridor is also likely to increase based on projections developed by the Northeast Regional Climate Center (NRCC) at Cornell University for the Dobbs Ferry, NY location. WebHurricane Sandy was the 18th named tropical cyclone of the 2012 Atlantic hurricane season (June 1 - November 30). Westchester County Disaster Recovery Fund Distributes Hurricane Sandy Relief Grants Co-Communications, Inc. , Neighbor Posted Tue, Jun 18, 2013 at 2:28 pm ET The build-up of debris at bridge and culvert openings further constricts the rivers flow. My partner and I leased it from the original owner and replaced or repaired everything. (Middle estimate 25th to 75th percentile). [24] A Conditional Letter of Map Revision (CLOMR) is FEMAs comment on a proposed project that would, upon construction, affect the hydrologic or hydraulic characteristics of a flooding source and thus result in the modification of the existing regulatory floodway, the effective Base Flood Elevations (BFEs), or the Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA). [9] See Section 5.2 for an analysis of the economic impacts of this detour distance and delay time. The Parkway serves several jurisdictions between Yonkers (in the south) and White Plains (in the north); including some with more than 10 percent of the population below the poverty line (See Table 6 for a list of jurisdictions served by the Parkway along with statistics on their poverty levels). The maintenance requirements would be the same as existing requirements; however, there would be more structures to clean and maintain. The agreements come on the heels of 25 previous The delay imposed by a detour due to each event was assumed to be approximately 9 minutes with traffic (equivalent to 3 miles)[14], assuming the use of I-287 West, I-87 South, and the Cross County Parkway West in the southbound direction and the same route in reverse in the northbound direction. Our own office has flooded three times in four years. Furthermore, the Highway Drainage Section (Chapter 8) of the NYSDOT Highway Design Manual specifies that highway storm drain systems shall have a design life and anticipated service life equal to 70 years. As noted in previous sections, a lifecycle cost comparison of these adaptation alternatives can provide further insight into the overall costs and benefits of each alternative. WebEven though Hurricane Sandy was declared a post-tropical cyclone by the time it made its final landfall -- just 5 miles southwest of Atlantic City, New Jersey at about 8 PM EDT on We only had 64 summer members all of last summer, but this summer we had almost 300. Figure 8: An example paved ditch to convey stormwater to an outfall location. NEW YORK As part of an ongoing probe of high gasoline prices in the wake of Hurricane Sandy, Attorney General Eric T. Schneiderman today announced that he has reached monetary settlements with five more service stations for violations of the New York State Price Gouging statute. Weve lifted several buildings in low-lying coastal areas like Rye and Mamaroneck. Hurricane Sandy facts and information. A bridge with an inadequate opening height above a riverbed can become inundated when the water elevation rises due to a storm event. The automobile occupancy was assumed to be 1.55 persons per vehicle (USDOT). The Saw Mill River flows north to south and is immediately adjacent to the Parkway. These incremental cost increases would most likely be insignificant relative to the static costs. This adaptation strategy is an alternative to the adaptation strategy on asphalt ditches described above. [10] Westchester County, Indian Point Emergency Guide, 2013-2014, http://www.safesecurevital.com/uploads/Westchester_English.PDF. The second most flood-prone segment is directly south of Lawrence Street, identified as segment MP201.2 MP201.4[1] (See Figure 2). All of the events/conditions discussed above can independently lead to a river overtopping its banks; however, when combined, result in a greater degree of riverine flooding. Due to maintenance challenges, compounded with the Parkways flat longitudinal slope (grade or incline), these grass ditches are not effectively carrying the water away from the Parkway. In late 2013, the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) launched a study to improve the resilience of the transportation system in the New York-New Jersey-Connecticut (region to climate change and extreme weather events. A second set of alternatives assumes that NYSDOT chooses not to raise or relocate the roadway (e.g., for environmental or historic preservation reasons) and instead pursues two complementary approaches. Note: The gray shaded region on the figures indicates the 90th percent confidence interval of the historical rainfall intensities. NYSDOT and the New York State Thruway Authority could install Variable Message Signs, make improvements to ramps and interchanges (particularly the Saw Mill River Parkway/Cross County and Cross County/Thruway interchanges), allow shoulder use, waive tolls at the Ardsley Plaza (or increase them, if demand management is a goal), retime signals on US 9 and connecting routes, coordinate with the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) and Bee Line Bus to encourage use of the Metro-North Railroad (e.g., via free shuttles to Metro-North stations), and use other measures to accommodate flows of people and freight on days when the Saw Mill is closed due to flooding. Once the strategies are finalized in the Master Plan, an implementation program can be designed, which would include an implementation schedule, a monitoring component, and technical and financial assistance needed to implement the Plan. The increase in drainage area results in no significant increase in peak discharges in the Saw Mill River between Ashford Avenue and its confluence with Hudson River. For example, the segment was closed to traffic six times for 2-5 hours in 2011 and 5 times in 2010 due to a few inches flooding. This proposed adaptation strategy is the same for both 2050 and 2080 scenarios. These implications increase the cost associated with this strategy. A more precise estimate of the aggregate additional miles traveled (and associated person hours of delay) would require the use of a regional travel demand model. A bioswale is an engineered vegetated system that uses specific soil and plant configurations to infiltrate stormwater runoff and remove sediments and other pollutants while still providing flow conveyance. Pollutants can enter the ditch along with stormwater; therefore, the water would need to be treated before it can be discharged into the Saw Mill River. Source: Northeast Regional Climate Center, Cornell University. However, it should be noted that this strategy can potentially influence physical drainage improvement strategies in the future, which would result in broader economic, environmental, or equity-related impacts. The cost analysis for this strategy is based on a high planning-level design and only includes capital costs. Looking at the high estimate projections of precipitation events, the annual average number of days with over 1 inch of rainfall is projected to increase from 13 (baseline years 2000-2004) to 17 by 2050 and 18 by 2080[6]. There was a client base here before, but, when we reopened eight months after the storm, it was very tough to rebuild those relationships. Both these scenarios represent conditions under which global GHG emissions continue to increase over the course of the century, reflecting only modest improvements in technology and energy efficiency, and a lack of proactive climate policies. FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs) utilize statistical information, such as data for river flow, storm tides, hydrologic/hydraulic analyses, and rainfall and topographic surveys to determine flood risk. These block groups are located south of the Parkway segment evaluated in this assessment, and closure of the segment could impact reverse-commuters in these areas going north towards Tarrytown and White Plains, assuming they use the Parkway. The Parkway extends for 29 miles through Westchester County, New York, beginning at the border of Westchester County and the Bronx as a continuation of the Henry Hudson Parkway, and terminating at an interchange with Interstate 684 and New York State Route 35. The NARCCAP and CMIP5 simulations are based on the A2 and RCP-8.5[7] future global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions scenarios, respectively. See Table 3 for a summary of these projections for 10- and 50-year return periods for the Dobbs Ferry, NY location. If this strategy moves forward to the concept design phase, a more refined cost analysis would need to be conducted in parallel with a more detailed drainage needs assessment based on the specific conveyance needs associated with rainfall intensities for a 10-year design storm. Small business owners were among the most affected, but in the years following the storm, theyve also proved a portrait of resilience as they continue to rebuild their lives and livelihoods in the wake of an unprecedented disaster. Thus, it can be concluded that the economic benefits (i.e., avoided costs) of this strategy considerably outweigh the net present value of costs of implementing this strategy. 2-5 hours (moderate to heavy rainstorms); 24 hours (severe storms/hurricanes, e.g., Hurricane Irene). Elderly residents were hit especially hard, with close to half of the people who died age 65 or older. For this high planning-level design, there was assumed to be no difference in cost for solutions designed for the 2050 or 2080 scenarios. For this reason, precipitation was selected as the climate stressor to review as part of this assessment. A detention or retention basin can be utilized for this purpose, the main difference being whether or not it has a permanent pool of water, similar to a pond. H urricane Sandy rolled through Westchester County two years ago this October, leaving a trail of Looking at the middle estimate projections, the annual average number of days with over 1 inch of rainfall is projected to increase to 14-16 by 2050 and 15-17 by 2080. Strategies at three levels can be taken to manage and mitigate the impacts of riverine flooding on roadway facilities: In this assessment, three specific adaptation strategies are reviewed using the criteria laid out in the engineering informed adaptation assessment process tested in this research effort: A Watershed Master Plan can be utilized to recognize issues with water conveyance within the Saw Mill River watershed and recommend strategies for flood mitigation. According to SHPOs Environmental Review Program, projects adjacent to NY State parkland should coordinate with the Environmental Management Bureau for approval. [14] Mileage and time estimates are based on Google Maps. Hurricane Sandy, in the wily and savage way of natural disasters, expressed its full assortment of lethal methods as it hit the East Coast on Monday night. [5] The frequency of precipitation events of different return periods in the Parkway corridor is projected to increase over time. During Hurricane Sandy, high winds and storm surge caused damage to Glen Island Park, located on the north shore of Long Island Sound. The proposed drainage system would also need to meet other stormwater management requirements related to the volume of discharge. Westchester County Disaster Recovery Fund Distributes Hurricane Sandy Relief Grants Co-Communications, Inc. , Neighbor Posted Tue, Jun 18, 2013 at 10:35 am ET However, for the purposes of this analysis, and average of closure of 3.5 hours is applied. Hurricane Sandy School Closings Updated 4:45 p.m. Sunday: Based on information received this afternoon from Southern Westchester BOCES, the following schools will be closed on Monday. Plus, our flood-insurance premiums tripled from pre-Sandy to post-Sandy. The hydraulic model provides water surface elevations that can locate areas of flooding for particular storm events. Asphalt paved ditches have little potential for erosion, thereby reducing maintenance required for surrounding areas as compared to the existing vegetated ditches, which require more frequent maintenance (e.g., mowing and periodic cleaning). The time of the detour is 5 minutes without traffic; however, due to the storm events and additional traffic on the alternate route, a time penalty of 80 percent was applied to arrive at the estimate detour time of 9 minutes per auto. If the minimum velocity recommended for prevention of sediment deposition cannot be achieved in the pipes (3 feet per second), they will not be self-cleaning, requiring maintenance to remove the build-up of debris. The time of recovery/duration of disruption depends on the extent of the rainfall amount and the ability of the drainage system to handle the volume. Inadequate bridge openings for a storm event can be identified where the flood elevation is above the bottom of the bridge, causing floodwaters to pond upstream of the crossing. Furthermore, the Sprain Brook Parkway does not flood to the same degree as the Saw Mill River Parkway, and only experiences closures during 50-year storms (or stronger). [This year was] a whole different ballgame. WebSandy made landfall in Long Island and New York City on October 29, 2012 and quickly caused severe damage to much of the downstate region. Westchester County Disaster Recovery Fund Distributes Hurricane Sandy Relief Grants Co-Communications, Inc. , Neighbor Posted Tue, Jun 18, 2013 at 2:28 pm ET However, a review of the effective FEMA Flood Insurance Study and watershed patterns indicates that there is low potential to enhance existing storage capacity in ponds and swamps along the Saw Mill River and its major tributaries. This segment experiences flooding during moderate to heavy rainstorms due to the inadequate capacity of its drainage system to divert rainwater, and also due to additional floodwater overflows from the adjacent Saw Mill River. Existing utilities would need to be evaluated and possibly relocated or raised along with the roadway. Drainage system would also need to meet other stormwater Management requirements related to the Parkway corridor is projected increase... 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