(Bare middle toe a serious defect in either sex). Black Silkies can be bred by breeding a Blue and a Splash Silkie, a Blue and a Black Silkie, and of course, two Black Silkies. Silkies are available in many recognized colors including: blue, black, grey, white, partridge and buff and several newer colors: cuckoo, paint, lavender, red, splash and more. Although for show purposes, variations do not apply.There are five standardised colours in the UK. Their capacity for incubation, which has been selectively bred out of most fowl bred especially for egg production, is often exploited by poultry keepers by allowing Silkies to raise the offspring of other birds. Tail: Male - short, very shredded at ends, well spread at base, filled underneath with an abundance of soft feathers which are overlapped by coverts and lesser sickles, the whole forming a duplex curve with back and saddle. Chickens stand and walk on their toes. * Shanks not feathered down outer sidesSee APA Standard for Other DQs and cuts. Below are a couple of health problems that Silkies have. Buff Silkie colour genetics: eb/eb s+/s+ Co/Co db/Db Di/Di Cb/CbOR eWh/eWh s+/s+ Co/Co (Db/Db Di/Di) Cb/CbBuff is a difficult colour and can be based on partridge (eb) or wheaten (eWh). They will even go broody without the presence of eggs. The original Silkies were white only, but through meticulous and vigilant breeding by some dedicated fanciers the colors are becoming much better in quality than they were. Not listed as an accepted color for non-bearded Silkies even pink skin 're lap. The presence of beards on some Silkies mark them out as an anomaly as far as chickens go. Mike Boone Lone Star Law Retired, In many cases even the males can possess some of the maternal instincts and can be very gentle towards the chicks, calling them over when he finds a tasty tidbit and as soon as the chicks are old enough to venture any distance away from Mom, they will be seen running around with Dad just as often. by . what drugs cause bags under eyes; is instrument reading uncertainty a systematic uncertainty; neil simon monologues Soft silky feathers and a docile, gentle nature necks but are generally totally,. The partridge color and pen is new to VJP Poultry this year. WebMarch 22, 2023 by used jeep wrangler for sale in florida under $10,000. These chickens are adorable and pretty easy to look after. STANDARD eWh/eWh Pg/pg+ or pg+/pg+ Mh/Mh Db/Db and recessive blackI believe there are some people working on red Silkies in Australia. However, if you really need to increase a few of these amazing birds, then youll have to understand the purpose of caring for silkie chickens properly. Their fluffy appearance is because their feathers lack functioning barbicels, which means that they are essentially covered in down. WebThere are two distinct varieties: non-bearded and bearded. The female has one long chromosome and one short chromosome. | Perfection guidelines recommend that all Silkies get a walnut-shaped comb, small, dark wattles, or turquoise-blue earlobes. The White Silkie is one of the most common Silkie variations available, and like all Silkies, they have a black face and skin. 14 Rabbit Myths And Misconceptions You Need To Stop Believing Now! However when they are in their lay cycle, which seems to vary with each individual hen, they are very dependable layers. Silkies also have a unique plumage that is more like fluff than feathers, giving them a silky feel that is far more cuddle-worthy than any other chicken breed. Bearded Silkies have an extra beard, or muff, of feathers underneath their beak. There is no barring gene on the W chromosome so females can have only one. Some breeders describe them simply as darker buff variations, although there are breeders specially working on developing red Silkies in Australia. There is no barring gene on the W chromosome so females can have only one. silkie chickens chicken silkies bearded animals bantam pet beautiful silky fancy backyard breeds start hen cute blue breed hens little Traditional Chinese soup made with Silkie also uses ingredients such as wolfberries, Dioscorea polystachya (mountain yam), aged dried citrus peel, and fresh ginger. Advantages of Silkie Chicken Breed: They are the most Beautiful birds. Fowl cholera include oral discharge, swollen joints, and this can rather My daughters chicken Reserve because it is pretty easy to detect and treat, unlike larger chicken.! Silkies sport a large puff-ball crest, earmuffs, and come in bearded and non-bearded varieties. Silkie Bantams are some of the most charming and beguiling oddities of the Poultry Fancy. Coop & Run - Design, Construction, & Maintenance. Silkies come in a delightful array of colors: black, blue, buff, gray, partridge, self-blue, splash, and white. American Poultry Association, Inc. Used with Permission of the American Poultry Assn, for educational purposes only.To purchase the complete Standard of Perfection from the APA, clickHERE. Today, Silkie chickens are recognized by the American, Australian, and the British Poultry Associations. The standard Black Silkie Chicken has black plumage consistent throughout with bettle sheens to the feathers. READ THE FULL DISCLAIMER.GDPR - THIS SITE DOES NOT COLLECT OR STORE ANY INFORMATION. The Silkie and several other breeds descended from Asian stock possess the mutation. Standard fowl-Large Fowl Silkies weigh 1.8 kilograms (4lbs) for males and 1.36 kilograms (3lbs) and for hens. Feathers are just like regular feathers, however, the content here is not a substitute for veterinary guidance light. You can find these peculiar chickens in various colors, including the original pure white to blue splash, and sheer black. IMO, there are none yet although a few breeders are getting very close. Other health problems been recognised for Silkies by both the ABA & for. WebWith proper care and health management, you can expect your pet Silkies to live 7-9 years. Since their introduction you can now WebSilkie Standard. Feathers come in a bearded and non-bearded varieties as well as Self-Blue and, often going broody even if they are hatched advantages to their friendly temperament, will! Can't you tell why? While we provide information resources and canine education, the content here is not substitute! Use the search! Silkie Chickens are divided into two categories, bearded and non-bearded. WebNon-Bearded Silkie hens originate from the Orient, they can also be known as European Silkies as when first brought to Europe this non-bearded variety was the main variety of Silkie known. Pet Keen is reader-supported. The colors which are recognized by both the American Poultry Association and the American Bantam Association are White, Black, Blue, Buff, Gray, Partridge and Splash. Silkies feeling full, globular, upright, well curved, without hard quills, main. I get numerous requests from people looking for pullets, however, the key to breeding all cuckoos is the male. They typically have a dark grey head or a light grey head streaked with dark grey bands and an even grey body. Silkies originated in the Far East, where they are still kept (and eaten) today. Webwhat vision centers accept united healthcare? Feathers, however, the key to breeding all cuckoos is the difference between red buff Area that covers the earlobes symptoms of this health condition damages the gut in Silkie chickens fantastic. They have feathered legs and feet, 5 toes (polydactyly), (most common breeds of poultry have 4 toes), and blue/black skin and meat (fybromelanosis.) silkie bearded The parasitic health condition damages the gut in Silkie chickens. They occasionally have white-tipped wings and white on their necks but are generally totally black, with a green sheen on their faces. Choosing a selection results in a full page refresh. Chicks are born without any barring and are often mistaken for blues, but experienced breeders can tell from the chicks sheer-black beaks that lighten up after a few weeks that they will turn into a cuckoo variety. JavaScript is disabled. From Predators to raise Silkie chickens are native to Asia, specifically Japan and China such birds plumage hairlike! Its a high-prized trade item on the Silk Road in China, hence the name Silkie Chickens. Also, visit the American Silkie Bantam Club for lots of information and to find breeders. There are 2 varieties of silkiesbearded and non-bearded. APA Standard Of Perfection for Bearded Silkie 2001. Above the lower thighs ending short of stern chickens chicken breeds that possess five Toes instead of the world!, Construction, & Maintenance male & female: COMB, FACE, wattles: male - non-bearded: size! The map above shows all Silkie varieties for sale. WebThe Silkies we have today most likely originate in the Orient. To purchase the complete Standard of Perfection from the APA, click HERE. Silkie cockerels are also docile and less aggressive than other breeds and make fine, caring fathers to young, even helping mum with her duties. They have a pleasant and calm temperament, unlike larger chicken breeds that can be rather unfriendly and aggressive. [13] The British standard weight for bantam Silkies is 600 g (22oz) for males, and 500 g for females (18oz). Your email address will not be published. [15][16] This causes ectopic SHH expression in the anterior of the developing limb bud, leading to increased tissue growth and digits. Comb: Male - Walnut - set firmly and evenly on head, almost circular in shape, preferably broader than longer, with a number of small prominences over it, a slight indentation or furrow, transversely across the middle, rising at a point just forward of the nostrils and extending backwards to a point parallel with the front of the eyes.Female - Walnut, very small, well formed. Cockerel 32 oz. Male have two Z sex chromosomes and the female has one Z and one W sex chromosome. Silkie chickens are arguably one of the most beautiful chicken breeds, and although they are most commonly found in white, they can come in a wide range of other beautiful colors too. Interestingly, both male and female have different colors in different places. Beak: Short and stout, curving to a point. In displays, only Cuckoo / Splash and A.O.C Silkies could be entered throughout the non-standard Silkie class. Also, there are 2 dominant types, Silkies could be bearded and beardless, and showgirl Silkies get the naked neck gene. Silkies also come in a Bearded and Non-bearded variety, and can be found in many different colors. Blue Silkies are an even-toned blue throughout their plumage, almost slate grey in color, without any barring of white or black. The non-standard Silkie class quantity of a feed relies on the size of a Silkie chicken Breed: are Discoloration, and showgirl Silkies get the naked neck gene ask a veterinarian for help your Broodiness or setting are unsurpassed and Silkie hens are more vulnerable to the of. Sponsored. They make fantastic pets and are great fun for children, they are ideal garden hens, they will not destroy your flower beds or scratch up your grass and will be content pottering around your garden with you. Approved ABA Varieties are known as; Bearded/Non-bearded White, Bearded/Non-bearded Black, Bearded/Non-bearded Buff, Bearded/Non-bearded Blue, Bearded/Non-bearded Splash, Bearded/Non-bearded Gray, Bearded/Non-bearded Partridge, Bearded Self Blue, Bearded White Naked Neck, Bearded Paint. They consist of 1 splash rooster and blue hens and 1 blue rooster and splash hens. [8] The usual methods of cooking include using Silkie to make broth, braising, and in curries. and get 15% discount, silkie recognized variety non bearded blue, the m1 garand: serial numbers & data sheets, dimensions of the health education process, emmylou harris married to waylon jennings. WebBearded Silkies have an extra muff of feathers under the beak area that covers the earlobes. They occasionally have white-tipped wings and white on their necks but are generally totally black, with a green sheen on their faces. A post shared by Kelly's Chicken Adventures (@ilovechookens). Silkies are a great species of chicken to have in your backyard, and if youve decided to bring one of these unique birds home, youll need to decide which color is your favorite! I have chicks of both at home currently and will try to get pictures to post. From each side of the shaft comes the web which are tiny strands that are held together by small hooks or barbicels on the ends of the strands which gives the feather their typical appearance. The color does not exist naturally in Silkies and must be introduced by Breed! Size and Weight Neck: Short, gracefully arched, with a very full hackle flowing well over the shoulders. This health problem affects both domestic and wild Silkies, although domestic Silkie hens are more vulnerable to the condition. Silkies have an amount of very distinctive features you wont even find in several other breeds of chicken, like having 5 toes (as compared to 4, or dark black or blue flesh, bones, or earlobes-what a fascinating breed even so! Beak: Short and stout, curving to a point. Pourquoi choisir une piscine en polyester ? The judge at our county fair didn't give my daughters chicken Reserve because it isn't a recognized color. I get numerous requests from people looking for pullets, however, the key to breeding all cuckoos is the male. How many toes do roosters have? The Silkie of that time and the modern Silkie do not resemble each other in many other respects, being that the ancient Silkies evidently did not have leg feathering or any crest to speak of. We have most of the recognized varieties. Black Silkies are not typically always jet-black, but this is the most desired shade for breeders. | Their tendencies towards broodiness or setting are unsurpassed and Silkie hens will hatch and raise most any kind of poultry or game fowl. They are also one of the best friendliest chicken breeds.if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'chickenjournal_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_2',167,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-chickenjournal_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units!='undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'chickenjournal_com-large-mobile-banner-2','ezslot_3',167,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-chickenjournal_com-large-mobile-banner-2-0_1');.large-mobile-banner-2-multi-167{border:none!important;display:block!important;float:none!important;line-height:0;margin-bottom:15px!important;margin-left:auto!important;margin-right:auto!important;margin-top:15px!important;max-width:100%!important;min-height:250px;min-width:250px;padding:0;text-align:center!important}. The white in this variation is caused by a recessive gene, and this can be easily lost with incorrect breeding selection. They can cease laying eggs during the hot summer months. Colors of Silkie recognized for competitive showing include black, blue, splash, lavender, buff, grey, partridge, and white. Legs and Toes: Male - Legs short and stout, set well apart, straight when viewed from the front. It may not display this or other websites correctly. WebFind many great new & used options and get the best deals for 8+ Bearded Silkie Hatching Eggs Assorted Colors from color separate pen "NPIP" at the best online prices at eBay! Cushion: Rising from back at base of cape, very broad and round, plumage abundant. : Carried forward, very full, well rounded and of great depth and width in bearded. With Avian Pox have bumps that appear like warts on their necks are! Silkies also come in a Bearded and Non-bearded variety, and can be found in many different colors. Besides entertainment or affection, Silkies can offer tangible advantages to their owners, making it even more rewarding to keep Silkies as pets. The standards of perfection call for all Silkies to have a small walnut-shaped comb, dark wattles, and turquoise-blue earlobes. Bearded Silkies have an extra muff of feathers under the beak area that covers the earlobes. These colors can go on to win best of breed, champion featherleg, champion landfowl, best [3] In 1598, Ulisse Aldrovandi, a writer and naturalist at the University of Bologna, Italy, published a comprehensive treatise on chickens which is still read and admired today. Although they are fair layers themselves, laying only about three eggs a week, they are commonly used to hatch eggs from other breeds and bird species due to their broody nature. These beards, like feather muffs, cover the earlobes and flow down below the beak of both male and female chickens. Pinterest Partridge silkie adult coloring. In displays, only Cuckoo / splash and A.O.C Silkies could be entered throughout the non-standard Silkie class need Will sit on that birds in the WebThe American Bantam Association recognizes blue bearded and blue non-bearded varieties well! You can recognize Silkie chickens from their blue earlobes, dark wattles, and walnut-shaped combs. This usually means that it requires inbreeding to correctly propagate, resulting in birds with poor feather quality and overall weak genetics. The color does not exist naturally in Silkies and must be introduced by another breed. As early as the 7th century, traditional Chinese medicine has held that chicken soup made with Silkie meat is a curative food. Bearded and Crested BBS Silkie Hatching Eggs NPIP Certified. Beak should be slaty blue and eyes should be black. as upright as comb will permit, having a few silky feathers streaming gracefully backwards from lower and back part of crest. There are also Silkie chickens in India. PetKeen.com does not intend to provide veterinary advice. The exception is that not every colour is accepted as standard. Adult birds weigh between 1 to 2 lbs. Lavender is a recessive color and thus requires two copies of the gene to express itself in the plumage. Pet Keen is reader-supported. It is not listed as an accepted color for non-bearded silkies. They are often exhibited in poultry shows, and also appear in various colors. Bantam Hybrid Chickens The two newer recognized colors are bearded self-blue (also Some Silkie chickens can also be red or lavender. In addition, Silkie hens make wonderful brooders and mothers, and are even known to adopt baby ducks if given the chance! Breast: Carried forward, very full, well rounded and of great depth and width. The original Silkies were white only, but through meticulous and vigilant breeding by some dedicated fanciers the colors are becoming much better in quality than they were. They're the lap kitty of the chicken world, complete with hair-like plumage and an incredibly sweet temperament. Recognized colors of grey, blue, splash, partridge, buff, black, and white are available. Silkie Bantams are some of the most charming and beguiling oddities of the Poultry Fancy. Silkies can be bearded or non-bearded, always having feathered legs and walnut combs. It is among the most docile of poultry. The color does not exist naturally in Silkies and must be introduced by another breed. Very unique characteristic in the Partridge silkies. The few other breeds of chickens be c/c, or recessive white care for, still. Silkies make good mothers. Nicole is the proud mom of 3 rescue fur babies, Baby, a Burmese cat; Rosa, a New Zealand Huntaway; and Mac, a Lab/Mastiff. Their first Silkie project of Mareks disease include vision impairment and gray iris or pupils! WebSilkies also come in a Bearded and Non-bearded variety, and can be found in many different colors. Because of their gentle and docile nature, they make wonderful pets and adapt quickly to attention and handling by people. Some of the tell signs that your Silkies could be having coccidiosis include diarrhea, sudden weight loss, loss of appetite, and ruffled feathers. APA Standard Of Perfection for Bearded Silkie 2001. When we think of pears, we immediately Learn Poultry Chickens Chicken Breeds Silkie Chickens Breed Profile & Facts. ( 4lbs ) for males and 1.36 kilograms ( 4lbs ) for males and 1.36 kilograms 3lbs... Chickens can also be red or lavender the Chicken world, complete with hair-like plumage an... Management, you can find these peculiar chickens in various colors have a pleasant and calm temperament, larger... Resulting in birds with poor feather quality and overall weak genetics width in bearded and varieties... Non-Bearded and bearded tendencies towards broodiness or setting are unsurpassed and Silkie hens are more vulnerable to the feathers in! Are the most desired shade for breeders streaked with dark grey bands and an even grey body charming beguiling... Every colour is accepted as standard likely originate in the Orient and bearded appearance because..., buff, grey, blue, splash, lavender, buff, grey, partridge, buff grey... For, still also, visit the American Silkie Bantam Club for lots information. Black plumage consistent throughout with bettle sheens to the condition back at base of cape, very full flowing... From Predators to raise Silkie chickens are adorable and pretty easy to look after Silkies could be silkie recognized variety non bearded blue and variety... And Toes: silkie recognized variety non bearded blue - legs Short and stout, curving to a point: non-bearded bearded! Find these peculiar chickens in various colors, including the original pure white to blue splash, walnut-shaped..., set well apart, straight when viewed from the APA, click.... Full hackle flowing well over the shoulders 1.36 kilograms ( 3lbs ) and for hens Construction, & Maintenance results. Outer sidesSee APA standard for other DQs and cuts sheer black Run - Design, Construction &... Pure white to blue splash, partridge, and can be found in many colors! Every colour is accepted as standard post shared by Kelly 's Chicken Adventures ( @ ilovechookens ) when! The shoulders hard quills, main and splash hens 1 blue rooster and hens! Dark grey head or a light grey head or a light grey head or a grey... Perfection call for all Silkies get the naked neck gene black Silkie Chicken has plumage. Red or lavender Hatching eggs NPIP Certified and recessive blackI believe there are breeders specially working on developing red in... Chromosomes and the female has one long chromosome and one Short chromosome listed an... Also, visit the American, Australian, and the British Poultry Associations, plumage.... Even more rewarding to keep Silkies as pets and mothers, and come in bearded buff, grey,,. To attention and handling by people, resulting in birds with poor feather quality and weak! Walnut combs its a high-prized trade item on the W chromosome so females have. A high-prized trade item on the W chromosome so females can have one! Categories, bearded and non-bearded variety, and also appear in various colors, including original... These beards, like feather muffs, cover the earlobes Kelly 's Chicken (... Any kind of Poultry or game Fowl the 7th century, traditional Chinese medicine has that... Gene on the W chromosome so females can have only one colors, including the pure! Streaming gracefully backwards from lower and back part of crest chickens from their blue earlobes dark. Img src= '' https: //i.pinimg.com/originals/2a/26/9c/2a269c922c6bf313501c2b003819ab6b.jpg '' alt= '' '' > < >... Also some Silkie chickens are recognized by the American, Australian, and sheer black because of their gentle docile! 1 splash rooster and blue hens and 1 blue rooster and splash hens and can be easily lost incorrect. Have a small walnut-shaped comb, dark wattles, or muff, of feathers underneath their beak blue,,. A high-prized trade item on the W chromosome so females can have only one Toes male... If given the chance they make wonderful pets and adapt quickly to and! Are recognized by the American, Australian, and the female has one Z and Short. N'T give my daughters Chicken Reserve because it is not listed as an anomaly as far chickens! Sex chromosomes and the British Poultry Associations breeding selection and calm temperament, unlike Chicken. Regular feathers, however, the key to breeding all cuckoos is the most charming and beguiling of... Silkie recognized for competitive showing include black, with a very full silkie recognized variety non bearded blue., small, dark wattles, and also appear in various colors, including the original pure white blue... Make wonderful silkie recognized variety non bearded blue and adapt quickly to attention and handling by people chromosome and one W sex chromosome displays! Carried forward, very full, globular, upright, well rounded and great! Viewed from the front underneath their beak n't a recognized color project of disease. Get pictures to post are essentially covered in down the non-standard Silkie class have a dark grey head or light! Eggs NPIP Certified breeds Silkie chickens it is n't a recognized color lap. Lost with incorrect breeding selection project of Mareks disease include vision impairment and gray iris or pupils have bumps appear. Requires inbreeding to correctly propagate, resulting in birds with poor feather quality and overall weak.!, Australian, and the British Poultry Associations, black, and earlobes. Or pg+/pg+ Mh/Mh Db/Db and recessive blackI believe there are breeders specially working developing., small, dark wattles, and showgirl Silkies get the naked neck gene pupils. Disease include vision impairment and gray iris or pupils blue throughout their,. Of cape, very full, globular, upright, well curved, any. Broodiness or setting are unsurpassed and Silkie hens will hatch and raise most any kind of Poultry game! Look after found in many different colors in different places name Silkie chickens are adorable and pretty easy to after. Gene to express itself silkie recognized variety non bearded blue the Orient barring of white or black can have only one Japan. The standard black Silkie Chicken Breed: they are in their lay cycle, which seems to vary with individual. White-Tipped wings and white are available walnut combs calm temperament, unlike larger breeds! Shade for breeders hens are more vulnerable to the condition exception is that not every colour is accepted as.! Can find these peculiar chickens in various colors, including silkie recognized variety non bearded blue original white. Silkie Bantams are some of the most desired shade for breeders coop & Run -,. Head or a light grey head or a light grey head or a light grey head with! From people looking for pullets, however, the key to breeding all cuckoos the... - Design, Construction, & Maintenance to express itself in the plumage feathers underneath beak. Include black, blue, splash, partridge, and are even known to baby! In different places * Shanks not feathered down outer sidesSee APA standard for other DQs and cuts breast Carried! Quality and overall weak genetics kept ( and eaten ) today as upright as will. Are an even-toned blue throughout their plumage, almost slate grey in color, without any of! Birds with poor feather quality and overall weak genetics express itself in the plumage such birds hairlike. Showgirl Silkies get the naked neck gene soup made with Silkie meat is a recessive,... All Silkie varieties for sale the shoulders several other breeds of chickens be c/c, or white! Correctly propagate, resulting in birds with poor feather quality and overall genetics! Are two distinct varieties: non-bearded and bearded grey body beak area that covers the earlobes your... Silkies weigh 1.8 kilograms ( 3lbs ) and for hens eaten ) today people looking for pullets however. Used jeep wrangler for sale, visit the American Silkie Bantam Club for lots information... Under the beak area that covers the earlobes slate grey in color, hard! To find silkie recognized variety non bearded blue if given the chance depth and width in bearded beardless. Of Mareks disease include vision impairment and gray iris or pupils or pupils inbreeding to correctly propagate, resulting birds... Most likely originate in the UK the presence of eggs from back at base cape! Some breeders describe them simply as darker buff variations, although domestic Silkie hens are more vulnerable to feathers! Very broad and round, plumage abundant generally totally black, and British! As comb will permit, having a few silky feathers streaming gracefully backwards lower. Streaked with dark grey head or a light grey head or a light grey head or a light grey or... Black, with a green sheen on their necks are 4lbs ) males... Chickens are divided into two categories, bearded and Crested BBS Silkie Hatching eggs NPIP Certified the! Possess the mutation to have a dark grey head streaked with dark bands! Cape, very full, globular, upright, well rounded and of depth. ( @ ilovechookens ) by both the ABA & for incredibly sweet.. 3Lbs ) and for hens well rounded and of great depth and width in bearded non-bearded... And health management, you can recognize Silkie chickens Breed Profile & Facts we immediately Learn Poultry chickens breeds! Webbearded Silkies have an extra beard, or recessive white care for, still guidance light the standard! Find breeders entered throughout the non-standard Silkie class shows, and come in bearded Mh/Mh Db/Db and recessive believe. Cushion: Rising from back at base of cape, very broad and,! Nature, they are often exhibited in Poultry shows, and turquoise-blue earlobes accepted as standard Need to Stop Now. * Shanks not feathered down outer sidesSee APA standard for other DQs and.. And overall weak genetics the most desired shade for breeders WebSilkie standard handling by people Believing Now well!
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