Very high scores are usually a sign of defensiveness. %PDF-1.5 They were being defensive by claiming that they had no psychological problems. Floyd AE, et al. Despite the names given to each scale, they are not a pure measure since many conditions have overlapping symptoms. The MMPI-2: An interpretive manual (2nd ed.). Greene, R. L. (2000). These items point to a lack of social skills and a preference to be among small groups or alone. A high number of such items renders a profile invalid and may suggest that the examinee perceived the items as irrelevant, was uncooperative, was defensive or indecisive, or could not understand the items. Ben-Porath YS, Tellegen A. MMPI-3: Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation. Each scale is made of a specific group of questions (unknown to the test. hbbd```b``@$2d, 2X7D DJ%I6 'qW?)EhE. <> official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Developed like the F scale, it is made up of items that are endorsed less than 10% of the time by normals (but frequently by disturbed individuals). College students completed a battery of criterion measures before assignment to a Standard Instructions (SIs) Group (n = 288), an . [ /ICCBased 10 0 R ] The F (Infrequency) scale includes items selected to detect unusual or atypical responses. While different versions of the test vary in construction, the MMPI-2 and MMPI-A are made of 10 scales that are used to indicate different psychological conditions. TRIN offers additional information about response sets or styles that may affect the profile, measuring the degree to which the examinee responded inconsistently by endorsing items similar in content, but phrased as opposites, as both true or as both false. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is the most widely used and researched clinical assessment tool utilized by mental health professionals to help diagnose mental health disorders. Low scores of 5 or less responded with a "nay-saying" test set, responding mainly "False.". Because of this, most psychologists simply refer to each scale by number. High elevations of these scales invalidate an MMPI-2 pro-file and may indicate confusion or reading problems, random responding, severe psychopathology, symptom exaggeration, or malingering. In R. P. Archer & E. M. A. Wheeler (Eds.). Also known as the "cannot say" scale, this validity scale assesses the number of items left unanswered. This information is provided to facilitate interpretation following the recommended structure for MMPI-A-RF interpretation in Chapter 7 of the MMPI-A-RF Administration, Scoring, Interpretation, and Technical Manual, which provides details in the text and an outline in Table 7-1. The test is administered by a trained clinician, typically a psychologist or psychiatrist, who relies on a series of clinical scales to interpret the results (Framingham, 2016). Instead, be ready to answer the questions as honestly as possible. Interpretive guidelines and specific cut-off recommendations for all MMPI-A-RF scales are provided in Chapter 7 of the MMPI-A-RF Administration, Scoring, Interpretation, and Technical Manual. Schilling R, et al. This is possibly the best measure of random, or inconsistent responding. Verywell Mind articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and mental healthcare professionals. Verywell Mind's content is for informational and educational purposes only. ? Because such defensive responding masks experienced symptoms, several clinical scales (e.g., Schizophrenia) are corrected for K scale scores. endstream L Lie Scale (Hathaway and McKinley, 1951) (15 items). Although the MMPI provides useful information, a health professional shouldn't rely on just one tool in order to make a full diagnosis. Because respondents could easily guess the intent of these inventories, they could also manipulate the results with ease. Note. <>>> The .gov means its official. If however, the persons history does not support claims of superior adjustment, and T>65, consider a faking to look good bias. Psychol Assess. K scale elevations may indicate that an examinee was being defensive, has poor insight, and may be seeking to maintain a faqade of adequacy and control without admitting to problems or weaknesses. Detecting suicidal risk using MMPI-2 based on machine learning algorithm. Admitting to minor faults and shortcomings, independent, self-reliant. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. endobj Does taking a personality test give you the jitters? The creators of the test felt that the self-report inventories of the time were too transparent. TLiVw7#NNma4f,T&4 The most commonly used validity measures include the L (Lie), K (Correction), and F (Infrequency) scales. Psychological testing is a process in which a series of tests are used to help diagnose and treat mental health conditions. Underreporting is more common in personnel, presurgical, or child custody evaluations, whereas overreporting is more common in personal injury or criminal evaluations. << /Length 11 0 R /N 1 /Alternate /DeviceGray /Filter /FlateDecode >> 194 0 obj <> endobj 209 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9293D942697231FA3B7AFC018BEE216A>]/Index[194 36]/Info 193 0 R/Length 89/Prev 641783/Root 195 0 R/Size 230/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream 2017 Jul;24(5):555-574. doi: 10.1177/1073191115621791. <> They used an empirical approach in the construction of the various scales of the MMPI. Studies of MMPI accuracy usually focus on specific uses. However, mental health professionals don't rely on the results alone when making a diagnosis. endstream It reflects a wide variety of areas including bizarre thought processes and peculiar perceptions, social alienation, poor familial relationships, difficulties in concentration and impulse control, lack of deep interests, disturbing questions of self-worth and self-identity, and sexual difficulties. The validity scales attempt to identify deceptive or inconsistent test results. It is important to look for a pattern that may exist in the items that are left blank. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. This scale was originally developed to identify individuals with schizophrenia. Before The MMPI manual recommends that any test with 30 or more unanswered questions should be declared invalid. The MMPI result will be just one factor in the diagnosis the clinician may make and the treatment theyll recommend. Originally developed to identify psychopathic individuals, this scale measures social deviation, lack of acceptance of authority, and amorality (a disregard for morality). 2023 Dotdash Media, Inc. All rights reserved. *cCJ>U]j Fic>F]uQfq?ff"#tbU_1&[ Your mental health and medical history will be considered, along with your experiences. << /Length 14 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> It will continue to be tweaked and analyzed, and most likely always be a work in progress. This article discusses how the MMPI was developed, how it is used, and the different versions of the instrument that are available. Each test version also contains varying content scales, clinical subscales, and supplementary scales. h254V0P054Q03Rw/+Q02L)(M6!vvpf`BY)#1TNSkP0 Z' endstream endobj 1941 0 obj <>stream The MMPI was developed in the 1930s to help mental health professionals evaluate people with psychiatric disorders. Each scale is made of a specific group of questions (unknown to the test taker), which the test developers field research says indicates a particular psychological condition. (2015). The two primary scales designed to detect underreporting of psychopathology are the L (Lie) and K (Correction) scales. 2005-2023 Psych Central a Red Ventures Company. SuperlaveSelfPresentaon(S) DevelopedbyButcherandHan(1995)toidenfyunder reporngwiththeenreMMPI2itempool 50items,44keyedFalse . PSYC 368_Ch 14_Personality Testing_MMPI-2 [Video file]. Scale - Cannot Say (MMPI/MMPI-2). We're unpacking the Four Horseman of the. Since these tests can be used for circumstances like employment screenings and custody hearings, test takers may not be completely honest in their answers. original MMPI scale elevations. Although some self-report instruments (e.g., the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, MMPI) have specifically been designed to consider the effects of participants' response styles in their disclosure of psychopathology, many of the most commonly used instruments (e.g., the revised edition of the Symptom Checklist-90, SCL-90-R; the Beck Depression Inventory, BDI) do not. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. MMPI Test Validity Scales All of the MMPI tests use validity scales of varying sorts to help assess the accuracy of each individual's answers. MMPI-2 overview. The 338 items of the MMPI-2-RF accommodate a total of 51 scales: 9 Validity Scales and 42 substantive scales. The MMPI has built-in clinical scales that describe a persons psychological processes and how they respond to stress. An examination of the association between psychopathy and dissimulation using the MMPI-2-RF validity scales. Scores greater than T65 suggest some exaggeration, and scores greater than T98 are most likely to be exaggerated. The test has also been used as a screening instrument for certain professions, especially high-risk jobs, although using it in this manner has been controversial. Very high scores (T> 90) commonly found with psychotic patients. (30 items) K is a subtle and valuable correction for defensiveness. If these criteria are not met, print statements from any single elevated scale . Here are the 10 clinical scales of the MMPI-2, which is still the most widely used version of the MMPI. All rights reserved. Ac. Flanagan C. (2015). File Type PDF Mmpi Interpretation Guide Mmpi Interpretation Guide Assessing Adolescent Psychopathology: MMPI-A / MMPI-A-RF, Fourth Edition provides . F(p)- Infrequency-Psychopathology Scale (Aribisi and Ben-Porath,1995a, 1995b); (27 items); the F scale was developed on normals who responded to items less than 10% of the time. As with K, if the person is indeed high functioning, a high score accurately measures ego strength. Fb - Back F scale (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Grahm & Tellegen, 1989). MMPI-3: A new norm [Video file]. TRIN - True Response Inconsistency scale (Butcher, Dahlstrom, Graham & Tellegen 1989). Others argued that the results indicated possible test bias, while others felt the test itself contained sexist and racist questions. A high L will submerge scales of obvious psychopathology, and inflate scales of healthy functioning such as the Ego Strength scale. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal As with L and K, elevations on these scales may represent defensiveness, impression management, or poor insight or awareness into ones behavior. Also included are the nine RC Scales (identical in composition to the ones scored on the MMPI-2) and PSY-5 Scales (revised to be scored from the reduced item pool). Its one tool within a large diagnostic toolbox, and its constantly being reviewed and revised. They also show how to conjoin Rorschach and MMPI-2 results in more eective assessment strategies, and how to tie MMPI-2 results to specic DSM-IV criteria. MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2): Manual for administration, scoring, and interpretation (Rev. . This scale helps detect intentional overreporting in people who have a mental health disorder of some sort or who were using random or fixed responding. As compared with L, the K scale assesses more sophisticated and subtle defensive responding. Pearson. K scale items were selected to assist in identifying individuals who displayed significant psychopathology yet had profiles within the normal range. The recently released Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) includes a revised set of Validity Scales on which there is currently limited validity and clinical utility evidence for the detection of overreporting. endobj High: (> Raw 5). MeSH 2013:21-62. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help More than ten left unanswered may be of clinical significance. You can find out more about our use, change your default settings, and withdraw your consent at any time with effect for the future by visiting Cookies Settings, which can also be found in the footer of the site. 2017 Feb;29(2):199-208. doi: 10.1037/pas0000328. MMPI-2 Training Slides, University of Minnesota Press; 2015. High scores are common with individuals who are well adjusted and well educated, and tend to be in control of their lives. The scale can also show potential substance abuse, emotional or social alienation, eccentricities, and a limited interest in other people. This study aimed to develop a q-set customized for individuals diagnosed with substance abuse or those . Validity Scales . adequate measures. Epub 2016 May 16. Kim S, et al. The FBS (Fake Bad Scale) consists of items infrequently endorsed by personal injury litigants that tap somatic rather than psychiatric symptoms. We're bending an ear to what experts say about ASMR (autonomous sensory meridian response) sounds and your mental health. pbmT*Ivxp9$!mSmflO,y?.HsY Spanish: Derived from a sample of 550 US Spanish speakers (275 men and 275 women) Other languages: Spanish, French for Canada Telepractice: Mp- Positive Malingering Scale (Cofer et al. According to the publisher of the MMPI, the University of Minnesota Press, employers sometimes use the test in job screenings for high risk public safety positions, such as: The University of Minnesota first published the test by Starke R. Hathaway and J.C. McKinley in 1942 and currently owns the copyright. The MMPI- It is important to remember that the MMPI is just one tool that your therapist might use to make a diagnosisthey won't rely on these results alone. Guarded prognosis for any insight therapy since their ego strength is low; masochistic confessors, poor self-concept, distrustful, and angry. The MMPI-2 contains 567 test items and takes approximately 60 to 90 minutes to complete. They originally developed the test to be used in the Department of Psychology at the University of Minnesota. Of Psychometric Means: Starke R. Hathaway and the Popularization of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, upress.umn.edu/test-division/mtdda/webdocs/mmpi-2-training-slides/interpretation-of-mmpi-2-validity-scales, upress.umn.edu/test-division/mmpi-2/mmpi-2-scales, upress.umn.edu/test-division/MMPI-2-RF/mmpi-2-rf-faqs, researchgate.net/publication/272366387_Of_Psychometric_Means_Starke_R_Hathaway_and_the_Popularization_of_the_Minnesota_Multiphasic_Personality_Inventory, sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323083409000165, upress.umn.edu/test-division/mmpi-2/mmpi-2, All About Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID). It includes nine Validity Scales (seven of which are modified versions of the MMPI-2 Validity Scales). 1116 Accessibility It's real and treatable. Essentially, people who score high on this scale are trying to appear worse than they really are, they may be in severe psychological distress, or they may be just randomly answering questions without paying attention to what the questions say. Introduction to MMPI-2 Interpretation of MMPI-2 Validity Scales Interpretation of MMPI-2 Clinical Scales Sellbom M, Anderson JL. Low scores (T<45), possible fake good profile. Pearson Assessments US. This can be also be High due to severe psychopathology. In addition, results indicated that the criterion validity of the substantive scale scores was compromised in the context of overreporting. hb```a``@Y8&00Wp`! $AA&a6P8nYaxIgBn;Td}2](5uNn;R*N\q&9 `F)FUh2 Pe`yX,RaCj ,_4pZBA@+T6P~1L# H3C8AD WO endstream endobj 90 0 obj <>/OCGs[107 0 R]>>/Pages 83 0 R/Type/Catalog>> endobj 91 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/Type/Page>> endobj 92 0 obj <>stream What Is the Holmes and Rahe Stress Scale? The reader is advised to plot the validity and clinical proles when using the MMPI-2 using the tables in the MMPI-2 manual for administration and scoring, pp. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Interpretation of MMPI-2 Validity Scales Author: Nickerson Created Date: 20141020190118Z . endobj There are a variety of versions of the MMPI in general use today: These versions of the test are based on different norms and clinical scales. The paranoia scale identifies aspects of personality, such as grandiose thinking, suspicion toward other people, and rigid thinking. In the book Of Psychometric Means: Starke R. Hathaway and the Popularization of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, authors Rebecca Schilling and Stephen T. Casper conclude that the MMPI gives behavioral health professionals a starting point from which to build diagnoses and initiate treatment. xzKW^u=^H^vV!S(QE`WY7i74gvuvbU6f4K5$ VD=%*RQ3hTO $fwk}c\iGV1Z/ wdiM3 (h`1&Y8jR p.lImGqXbR;a*,=\**#Rmf3v=WZmjVXkF"v9@VzfIGq#mru${MCJr>v,yGzSXv Reflecting bizarre sensations, strange thoughts, and peculiar experiences, they were answered in the deviant direction by no more than 10% of an early subsample of the normative sample. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. A first step in assessing response validity involves evaluating the Cannot Say scale, which indicates the number of unanswered items or items answered both true and false. Validity scales can show how accurate the test is, as well as to what degree answers may have been distorted. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. endobj The related questions concern low morale, overall dissatisfaction in life, and an absence of hope for the future. National Library of Medicine Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group. In general, clinically significant elevations on the Substantive Scales are identified beginning at T score 60. %PDF-1.3 <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Additionally, new validity scales were incorporated in the revised test. Primarily, the MMPI is used to help mental health professionals assess and diagnose mental health conditions such as schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. It is widely used today in both clinical and non-clinical settings. Z (}R;3dvA2{woJ4~>9}JMiRFJ oKg[c[Vc(ejD] zo?9[)\@z`:oj,;VlcgnFf'Lgjx0NcN{r6fr-t%Po27 ^uNgqC$AZ->92%+ Cd9zZ"{F?V| cy-..A/b?h/Cs&cD,?rzxo9=k?R cU}y~xNt27 X } This information is provided to facilitate interpretation following the recommended structure for MMPI-3 interpretation in Chapter 5 of the MMPI-3 Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation, which provides details in the text and an outline in Table 5-1. stream High scores indicate a tendency to yea-say (i.e., endorse many items as true), and low scores indicate a tendency to nay-say (i.e., endorse many items as false). A scale is a group of questions that measure a persons tendency toward a certain mental health condition. Psych Central does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Intro: Overview of MMPI: The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) is a psychological test that evaluates and determines personality characteristics. The MMPI is an objective personality test that was first published in 1943 by Starke Hathaway, PhD and J. Charnley McKinley, MD who were working to develop a routine diagnostic instrument. An analogue simulation design was used in which participants in an overreporting condition (163 undergraduate students) were instructed to feign mental health symptoms when responding to the MMPI-3 in the context of a compensation-seeking claim. It is used extensively to help doctors and therapists screen for and diagnose mental health conditions. Ideally, examinees answer all questions, respond consistently, and do not distort test findings by overreporting or underreporting experienced psychopathology. The results of the MMPI test will give your clinician a sense of what mental health conditions you might be experiencing. The F(p) (Infrequency-Psychopathology) scale consists of items that no more than 20% of two samples of psychiatric inpatients, as well as a normative sample, was endorsed in a deviant direction; it was developed to detect malingering in settings with high base rates of serious psychopathology. This study describes the development of a Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) scale designed to detect negative response bias in forensic neuropsychological or disability assessment settings. Although the MMPI-A-RF items are a subset of the MMPI-A item pool, the structure of the MMPI-A-RF was informed by the development of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF; Ben-Porath & This scale was originally designed to identify depression, characterized by poor morale, lack of hope in the future, and general dissatisfaction with one's own life situation. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. The MMPI also has built-in validity scales designed to identify how a person approached the test, such as whether they attempted to present themselves differently from how they actually view themselves. Five subscales are; Belief in Human Goodness, Serenity, Contentment with Life, Patience and Denial of Irritability and Anger, and Denial of Moral Flaws. It was originally developed to identify people displaying the symptoms of hypochondria, or a tendency to believe that one has an undiagnosed medical condition. << /Type /Page /Parent 3 0 R /Resources 6 0 R /Contents 4 0 R /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 2011-2016 University of Minnesota Press | Privacy Policy | The University of Minnesota is an equal opportunity educator and employer. By Kendra Cherry The MMPI can be administered individually or in groups and computerized versions are available as well. If you're taking the MMPI test, the following are some helpful tips to keep in mind: While you may be able to take the MMPI online, you can also research psychologists and/or psychiatrists in your area who can refer you to a professional that will administer the test in person. Only professionals who can provide the required credentials can buy the test from Pearson Assessments. Pearson. The recently released Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) includes a revised set of Validity Scales on which there is currently limited validity and clinical utility evidence for the detection of overreporting. Here's a brief overview of the clinical scales on the MMPI-2 and the MMPI-A. This scale asks questions designed to determine if test-takers are contradicting themselves in their responses. DeKyO?LNEG{ZK@&'K3[lt#y`%2n;0LLML-' ]XFW\/}e2KD2{]pS_u]A4Wh_kM,lp&~rE?yH_/n$SGM.rYg7r}/Ux7KI-{v`p YzclN-. This scale measures how much a person abides by stereotypical masculine and feminine values and roles. Additionally, the MMPI is copyrighted by the University of Minnesota, which means clinicians must pay to administer and utilize the test. The MMPI is a protected psychological test. That is, people who are highly educated and getting along well with other individuals, should score moderately high on the K scale. Clinical and Validity scales in the combinations are at a T-score of 70 or above, unless otherwise noted and are listed in order from the highest to the lowest peaks. This scale is designed to show changes in how a person responded in the first half of the test versus how they responded in the second half by using questions that most normal respondents didn't support. This research examined cutoff scores for MMPI-2 and MMPI-2-RF validity scales specifically developed to assess non-credible reporting of cognitive and/or somatic symptoms. 5 0 obj Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Archer RP, Handel RW, Ben-Porath YS, Tellegen A. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality InventoryAdolescent-Resctructed Form (MMPI-A-RF). The MMPI-2 and MMPI-A have 10 clinical scales that are used to indicate different psychological conditions, though the MMPI-2-RF and the MMPI-A-RF use different scales. The 567-item MMPI-2 is composed of over 120 scales. Intentional deception has been known to occur in situations such as: Unintentional deception might occur for reasons such as: The validity scales vary among MMPI versions, but the MMPI-2 contains three general types of validity scales: Here are the validity scales usually used in the MMPI-2 assessment. Five subscales are; Belief in Human Goodness, Serenity, Contentment with Life, Patience and Denial of Irritability and Anger, and Denial of Moral Flaws. Highly correlated with the K scale. Of psychometric means: Starke R. Hathaway and the popularization of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory. The site is secure. The MMPI is most commonly used by mental health professionals to assess and diagnose mental illness, but it has also been utilized in other fields outside of clinical psychology. In the years after the test was first published, clinicians and researchers began to question the accuracy of the MMPI. ?kI?3!p}jss6H[|Q. The MMPI will probably never receive total approval or total disapproval. Interpretation of MMPI-2 Validity Scales Author: Nickerson Created Date: 20141020190118Z . This scale points to difficulty with family and authority figures. Many questions were removed or reworded while a number of new questions were added. endobj Read our, Things to Consider When Taking the MMPI Test, The Use of Self-Report Data in Psychology, How Self-Report Inventories Are Used in Psychology. (n.d.). The MMPI is designed to evaluate the thoughts, feelings, attitudes, and behaviors that make up an individual's personality. The Generalizability of Overreporting Across Self-Report Measures: An Investigation With the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form and the Personality Assessment Inventory in a Civil Disability Sample. Kwc3^c-SyFVv+)Jr@9lWQe/Fvndc=g#_\5I=WUc;]:M!b"r:'\85Ro./Z5Pm8Ugrfz3C1Q!|G315g l[+4q]of:i/9\:>Um5 2010 Dec;22(4):757-67. doi: 10.1037/a0020825. Determining whether it's mania or hypomania is one step toward finding the best treatment. The "symptom validity" scale is used for people who are taking the test because they're claiming that they had a personal injury or disability. The 9 Best Online Guided Meditation Options in 2022. Learn more about. Interpreting the MMPI is a complex process that is closely protected and monitored. %PDF-1.6 % Butcher JN, Graham JR, Ben-Porath YS, Tellegen A, Dahlstrom WG, Kaemmer B. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2. The MMPI-A II. (2021). Validity Scales Detection of overreported psychopathology with the MMPI-2-RF [corrected] validity scales. Fixed responding could be used due to not being able to read or comprehend the test material well or being defiant about having to take the test. (2013). If this criteria is not met, then go to the next rule: if L.>6, K>22, L and K T> F Tscore, F-K<-19, Repression >T69 and Anxiety < T60, then shift the criteria down to include>T62. Interpret somatic scales cautiously . The items on this scale concern physical symptoms and well-being. << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 7 0 R >> /Font << /TT1 8 0 R %PDF-1.6 % The exception is with those scales developed specically out of the MMPI-2 item pool. Ds Dissimulation Scale (Gough,1954); (58 items); developed on true neurotics verses normals faking neurosis, Ds measures more exaggeration of neurotic symptoms, whereas F and Fb assesses more exaggeration of psychotic or severe symptoms. University of Minnesota. Epub 2012 Jul 16. hbbd```b`` "gIu"@$S d)!L`w RHDrMne@gJ@T:5 8 endstream endobj startxref 0 %%EOF 229 0 obj <>stream These clusters of mental health symptoms and the accompanying scores are referred to as clinical scales. Ben-Porath YS, Tellegen A. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form. These training slides provide an overview of the MMPI-2, including a description of the scales comprising the test, as well as information about the materials available to score and interpret test results. 152-155 (Hathaway and McKinley, 1989). Overall, if an underreporting scale is elevated, it is likely the examinee approached other items in a manner that attempted to present the most favorable self-image and deny psychological difficulties. Psychol Assess. Very high scores may indicate depression, while moderate scores tend to reveal a general dissatisfaction with ones life. Researchers recommended that clinicians could use the MMPI to help detect and treat groups with a high risk of suicide. Butcher, J. N., Graham, J. R., Ben-Porath, Y. S., Tellegen, A., Dahlstrom, W. G., & Kaemmer, B. Why the Thematic Apperception Test Is Used in Therapy, How the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Works, Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox, The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, MMPI History: A Brief History of the MMPI Instruments, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2-Restructured Form, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality InventoryAdolescent-Resctructed Form (MMPI-A-RF), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3), Of psychometric means: Starke R. Hathaway and the popularization of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, MMPI-3: Manual for Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation.
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