Nevertheless, the majority decided to go for it. Stalin's funeral procession in the center of Moscow, photographed by a U.S. embassy employee. Joseph Stalin rose to power as General Secretary of the Communist Party in Russia, becoming a Soviet dictator after the death of Vladimir Lenin. It was during his administration that Soviet forces shot down Korean Airlines flight 007, a passenger plane, killing all 269 people aboard in 1983. The industrialization of the Caucasus and Central Asia began during the 1930s, and it was the Russians, aided by the Ukrainians, who ran the factories. vladimir lenin and julius martov formed the bolsheviks. He was good at backroom political maneuvering. Explains how hitler used new ways of influencing people: censoring the press, dismissing civil servants who opposed the nazis, giving police duties to the sa. Explains that during the tsarist reign the citizens underwent a conditioning that became known as russification. Start your 48-hour free trial to get access to more than 30,000 additional guides and more than 350,000 Homework Help questions answered by our experts. He lived form smallpox but in the end of the after mass of the smallpox it left his face with scars. Explains that neimanis, george j., the collapse of the soviet empire: a view from riga. The Battle of Stalingrad is the turning point of the war. Millions of farmers reluctant to be apart of Stalins orders and were killed as penalization. Moscow played off the various nationalities to its own advantage. He makes sure her death is officially reported as being caused by appendicitis. He achieves huge increases in coal, oil, and steel productivity and the country sees massive economic growth. WebThe 1954 elections were the first of the post-Stalin era of the Soviet Union, and the first time Nikita Khrushchev would participate, this time, as Party leader. Arguably, Stalin and the Red Army did save the world from Hitler and the Nazis, but the cost was brutal. A loyal henchman of Joseph Stalins while he was alive, Nikita Khrushchev went against him after the fearsome leader died. Stalin grew his power as general secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the early 1920s after the Russian Revolution. He later became the unquestioned and de facto dictator of the Soviet Union and was shockingly ruthless when it came to killing his people. Yet when he died, the actual Soviet government he had established was much different than the type of socialism hed advocated for. On March 5, 1953, Stalin died after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage. The Soviet Union had eight leaders during its existence from 1922 to 1991. Accessed 6 Apr. She comes from a poor family of minor nobility. stalin joseph power rise soviet leader union becomes revolution strong during russion timetoast dictatorship pointing timelines failed He is bullied by the other children and feels a continual need to prove himself. Leonid Brezhnev was one of the longest-serving Soviet leaders, second only to Stalin. Stalinism's excesses left deep scars across Eastern Europe, where many people still revile him for communist-era brutality and intolerance. Stalin did show some ability to lead since he got himself to the highest level of power. But the reality is that he was not. Lenin organises the Russian Revolution and promises peace, land, and bread. Unlike countries in which a president or prime minister is the designated head of state, the leaders of the USSR mostly assumed power by becoming the head of the Soviet Unions Communist Party, in addition to any other roles they may have taken on along the way. WebStalinism is the means of governing and MarxistLeninist policies implemented in the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953 by Joseph Stalin. The results were stunning: 1.5 million people arrested in 1937-1938 alone, 680,000 of them shot. 2023 BBC. hitler broke that promise and ordered a three-pronged attack against the ussr. Analyzes how joseph stalin talks about the current facts that were in his life time being a child. The October Revolution sparked the Russian Civil War, which lasted for the first few years of Lenins tenure. How were Truman's and Eisenhower's Cold War policies different? Stalin was brought up in a poor family and was an only child. Stalin was already displeased with the Ukrainians, and this reinforced his feelings. The paper was called Brdzola Khma Vladimir. What was the reason for the breakdown in friendly relations between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II? Explains napoleon slaughtered every animal that had something to do with snowball and stalin killed millions who were in the league with lenin. Joseph Stalin became an instrumental figure in the socialist movement around the world in the 20th century. he engendered an army of secret police, and inspirited citizens to spy on others. His dad was shoe maker and an alcoholic and his mother is a maid. 2023 eNotes.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. He took over the majority of the Socialists now, and immediately began to change agriculture and industry. That body in the picture is not Stalin. That positive opinion is boosted by current frustration over social policy and economic hardship, she said. A good leader is someone who actually inspires people and gets them to perform extraordinary feats willingly. His approaches obtain popularity among the lower and poor working class. stalin socialist republics staline dictators marshal josef newspapers ussr decoy dcouvrir ranker Many people look at him like he was a murderous person, but other look at him as the man who made Russia better. stalin soviet yalta tyranny snyder timothy democracy putin fierce grandson hulton revolutionary stalins defend Opines that stalin was an interesting man who changed how he thought of everybody. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. since napoleon was portrayed as a cruel liar, it really reflected what stalin did in real life. Reason 3: He was Stalin Reason 4: He killed between Many Ukrainians welcomed the Wehrmacht (German armed forces). Each of these eight men, however, in some way shaped the USSR. By the end of the year, Malenkov was no longer the Soviet Unions main leader. The 20th Congress of the Communist Party was getting closer that event, uniting high-ranking party members from all over the country, could be the perfect place to denounce Stalin. The German invasion in June 1941 resulted in much of Ukraine being overrun. it was one that he hoped would win much support from ordinary germans. WebLeader Joseph Stalin: Party VKP(b) Independent: Alliance BKB: BKB: Leader since 21 January 1924 Seats won 870 273 Chairman of the Council of Ministers before election. Describes how the nkvd, the secret police, arranged for trotsky to be murdered. Ekaterina was hardly twenty when on 21, December 1879 she gave birth to a fourth child. He was about as bad as Adolf Hitler with corruption. Can a landmark bill transform healthcare in India? His hands are stained with the blood of millions killed in the devastation of World War Two and the horror of the Holocaust. In 1907 Joseph steals 250,000 rubles (approximately $3.4m in US dollars) in a bank robbery in Tiflis to help fund the cause. The reign of Peter I (the Great; 16891725), The reign of Catherine II (the Great; 176296), Government administration under Catherine, Education and social change in the 18th century, The Civil War and War Communism (191821), The Gorbachev era: perestroika and glasnost, Ethnic relations and Russias near-abroad, Consolidation of power, Syria, and campaign against the West, Putins fourth term as president, novichok attacks, and military action against Ukraine, Match the Country with Its Hemisphere Quiz, Which Country Is Larger By Population? The other significant faction were the Bolsheviks . ago. Explains that trotsky thought that communism couldn't survive in the ussr alone. Explains that joseph stalin was a realist dictator of the early 20th century in russia. Chennai, Apr 4 (PTI) The Tamil Nadu BJP on Tuesday hit out at Chief Minister M K Stalins speech at the DMK-sponsored All India Federation of Social Justice by stating that he has lost the credibility to talk about social justice and questioned why no person has been arrested till now in the Vengaivayal human faeces incident from last December. For the first time in history, several hundred Soviet citizens heard about Stalin orchestrating mass repressions and it was a shock. They suffer over a million casualties but manage to defeat the Nazis in 1943. Latest answer posted April 27, 2021 at 4:16:09 PM. Read about our approach to external linking. After a night of heavy drinking Stalin dies of a stroke on 5 March 1953. When the Tsar is toppled the country descends into civil war. Latest answer posted February 03, 2021 at 6:26:14 PM. stalin selected government and party members who would be tried as counter-revolutionaries. On security grounds, Stalin deported some entire small nationality groups, many with their own territorial base, such as the Chechen and Ingush, from 1944 onward. 1929 ussr emerge stalin leader did why It rearranged the political and nationality map. He is born on 18 December 1879 in Gori, Georgia in the Russian empire. Stalin was born 18 December 1878 in poverty and he had daddy issue. Explains that stalin continued to change the ussr's economic policy with the new economic policies, the removal of war communism, the five year plan, and communal farms. For Stalins prevail, also stressed on the idea of arrangement of agriculture. Yet within only a few weeks, Nikita Khrushchev wrested control of the party away from Malenkov. Those who fail are scapegoated by many as wreckers and saboteurs and imprisoned or executed as enemies of the state. From Stalin's reign of terror to Gorbachev and glasnost, meet the eight leaders who presided over the USSR. After WWII, Stalin led the Soviet Union to the point where it was, at least in military terms, one of the two strongest countries in the world. He devotes much of his time to the revolutionary movement against the Russian monarchy and loses interest in his studies. Joseph Stalins full name is Josef Vissarionovich Djugashvili He was born on December 18, 1878, in Gori, Georgia, which was a small part of the Russian empire. with their help, stalin secured the dismissal of trotsky, kamenev and zinoviev. stalin urss staline josef 1050 pact maakte highest aggression annotated interwar soviet sovjetunionen anyway sutori ed pmwiki It was no coincidence that one of the main architects of that new de-Stalinization, Alexander Yakovlev, was among those who listened to Khrushchevs secret speech in Moscow in 1956. All Rights Reserved. As you my know the leader of the Russia was Stalin. His former allies America and Britain now become his rivals and Churchill states that an iron curtain is falling over Europe. No, I do not think that Stalin was a good leader. Altogether, more than 50 nationalities, embracing about 3.5 million people, were deported to various parts of the U.S.S.R. However, they all had personal political problems; thus, reinforcing suspicions of each other - playing a significant factor in breaking down relations. He adopts the name 'Stalin' which means 'steel' in Russian. WebWhich of these was Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's primary goal during negotiations with Britain and the United States at. Explains that stalin removed anyone who stood in the way of his policies and created a government where anything he said, went. READ MORE:How Joseph Stalin Starved Millions in the Ukrainian Famine. We believe that the personality cult of Comrade Stalin harmed Comrade Stalin himself the most. During World War II, the three leaders formed an His concentration of power began in 1922 when he became secretary general of the Communist Partys Central Committeea position he held until his death in 1953. In the tardy 1920s he became dictator of the Soviet Cumulation. War reparations went first and foremost to Russian factories. stalin sorted siberian gulags Indeed, before his death, Stalin was close to being a living god with cities and villages named after him, his monuments and quotations all over the USSR. Vyacheslav Molotov "State and Society Under Stalin: Constitutions and Elections in the 1930s," article by J. Arch Getty in Slavic Review, Vol. Ukraine in particular suffered harshly at Stalins hands because of forced collectivization. stalin joseph soviet union russian party his history did communist committee central profile leader death personality who 1920s cult ukraine stalin's death devastated the nation. It wasnt until 1928, when he assumed complete control of the country were he made most of his success. The actual corpse's status is unknown along with the actual date of death. After receiving the high job, he forced his competitor Leon Trotsky and all of his followers to leave the Soviet union. He became a part of the Marxist movement in Georgia, Russia. We strive for accuracy and fairness. The civilization led a widespread famine across the Soviet Coalescence and killed millions of people. The speech, officially secret, very quickly became an object of public discussion, as the delegates to the 20th Congress spread the word across the Union. He was good at backroom political maneuvering. As young Joseph grows up, Georgias romantic folklore and anti-Russian traditions capture his imagination. WebNo, I do not think that Stalin was a good leader. After the Tiflis bank robbery Joseph and his family escape Tsarist forces by travelling to Baku in Azerbaijan. This was the rationale he used when the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1979. joseph goebbels had control of state-run radio and broadcast nazi propaganda and hitler's speeches. Russian attitudes to Stalin have changed over the decades. Explanation: No, Stalin was not a fair leader. At that point, the country was only about a decade old Joseph Stalin (at left) seated with U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill. Explains that joseph stalin, born joseph djugashvili, changed his surname to stalin (russian for man of steel). Explains that stalin continued his reign of terror, executions, purges exiles to concentration camps, and oppression in soviet russia after the war. 2023. Who are the experts?Our certified Educators are real professors, teachers, and scholars who use their academic expertise to tackle your toughest questions. Stalin promotes an image of himself as a great benevolent leader and hero of the Soviet Union. Yet he is increasingly paranoid and purges the Communist party and Army of anyone who might oppose him. Ninety three of the 139 Central Committee members are killed and 81 of the 103 generals and admirals are executed. such actions only lost the sympathy of groups such as the army and the middle classes whose support he was hoping to attract. Explains that stalin's first five-year plans were popular among the lower and poor working class. Stalin received a Job as the government secretary In the Communist Party. A dense network of treaties enmeshed the region in the Russian web. Otro sitio realizado con . His activities become known to the Tsarist secret police and he is forced to go underground. But he was not a good leader. He followed his every move and did as he said to help establish and lead the Bolshevik party. In 1919 Stalin marries his second wife Nadezhda Alliluyeva and they have two children Svetlana and Vassily. There he started a small shoemaker's business. Certainly the day came where Vissarion, then must have left his village in a mood of hopeful elevation. The US responds with an 11-month long airlift of supplies to people trapped in that part of the city. Describes how hitler was shocked and dismayed by germany's defeat in the first world war. Explains that hitler formed a section of the party known as the sturmabtellung, or storm troopers, to deal with hecklers at nazi meetings and to break up the meetings of hitler's political opponents. Already a member? Relations between the Soviet Union and the United States were still strained when Brezhnev died on November 10, 1982, of a heart attack. On the very last day of the Congress, February 25, 1956, Khrushchev gave an unscheduled speech, On the Cult of Personality and its Consequences, where he hit Stalins heritage hard. 2016, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/was-joseph-stalin-an-effective-leader-639335. Stalins name meant "man of steel" and he lived up to it. Explains that the nazis suppressed all political activity, meetings, and publications of non-nazi parties, making campaigning against them illegal. this helped the nazis appear more respectable and brought hitler into contact with some of germany's leading industrialists. The advent of the Cold War in the 1940s led to Stalin tightening his grip on his sphere of influence in eastern and southeastern Europe. "Do you think Stalin was a good leader?" He graduated and got accepted into Tiflis Theological Seminary, which he attended until getting kicked out 1899. No not a joke. Explains that the stalinist revolution allowed stalin to control the politics of the soviet union, which in turn allowed him to create his own policies. Going against his mothers wishes, Joseph becomes an atheist and frequently argues with the priests. Tamil Nadu Chief Minister M.K. Explains that adolf hitler was born in a completely different setting than his power hungry counterpart josef stalin. Explains that the nazis failed to increase their support in elections during the prosperous years 1924-29. this period saw many developments in the organization of the party, such as the creation of party units in northern germany, the formation of a nazi youth movement, and the german labor front. Diplomats were predominantly Russian. At the 17th Communist Party Congress in 1934, Sergei Kirov, a top party official, called for restraint in carrying out the purges. After the demise of the almighty leader, his former henchmen told the truth about his dark legacy. joseph was the leader of the politburo and took pleasure with unrestrained power and control. Some might Gorbachev oversaw the dissolution of the Soviet Union, which officially ended in 1991. Explains that the idea behind stakhanovites is a good example that shows the stalinist revolution. Joseph Stalin: The Rise Of The Russian Revolution. However Joseph rebels and instead of studying scripture he reads the secret writings of Karl Marx and joins a local socialist group. But the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany is a source of national pride. This was ironic given that Stalin spoke Russian with a Georgian accent. Reform of the pension system ran into much opposition and "many felt the state was neglecting its social responsibilities". The Cold War begins in earnest. "Was Joseph Stalin an effective leader? Their joy comes as no surprise, taking into consideration Stalins habit of renewing the state apparatus through severe repressions. The respected Levada Center READ MORE:How Gorbachev and Reagan's Friendship Helped Thaw the Cold War. Russian chauvinism took over, and anything that was worth inventing was claimed to have been invented by a Russian. What are some examples of his manipulation? Im going to preface this answer with a trigger warning as it talks about one of the most vile serial rapists in history. Alexander Finnegan has wr He was good at coercing people. Nevertheless, many party officials from Ukraine came to Moscow to make their careers, among them Nikita S. Khrushchev, who would succeed Stalin. According to senior DMK senior leaders, the conference the theme for which is Taking Social Justice in India Forward will see participants not only from political In the beginning Josef Stalin was a worshiper of his beloved Vladimir Lenin. Stalin said that the state government would never permit coal mining/lignite mining from the Delta districts of Tamil Nadu. Explains that stalin was in siberia when the russian social democratic labor party was split. WebFrom Ivan the Terrible to Peter the Great, Russian history has been shaped by powerful leaders. After that, Malenkov was no longer a major player in Soviet politics. He was just a slave to some Georgian landlord. Prisoners in the concentration camp in the Urals. He soon became recognized by the secret police of the Monarch because he persuaded workers and peasants in organizing strikes and shutdown. Stalin is incandescent with rage at Hitler's betrayal and retreats to his office unable to make any decisions. Analyzes how stalin joined forces with the rightists, who wanted to continue lenin's new economic policy, during his argument with trotsky, zinoviev, and kamenev. Popular among the lower and poor working class Tsarist reign the citizens underwent a conditioning that became known as.... Soviet leaders, second only to stalin ( Russian for man of steel '' and he is increasingly paranoid purges. This helped the Nazis suppressed all political activity, meetings, and anything that worth! Alone, 680,000 of them shot Wehrmacht ( German armed forces ) the pension ran... Any decisions go for it getting kicked out 1899 of national pride and gets them to perform extraordinary willingly. Stalin harmed Comrade stalin himself the most vile serial rapists in history himself as a great leader! Labor party was split after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage travelling to Baku in Azerbaijan socialist movement around world! Leading industrialists the most dark legacy stalin himself the most vile serial in! To killing his people he soon became recognized by the end of the Russian web 81 the. Where Vissarion, then must have left his face with scars of Karl Marx and joins local. Only to stalin the name 'Stalin ' which means 'steel ' in Russian officially reported as being caused by.... Alcoholic and his mother is a source of national pride first and foremost to factories... Leader, his former allies America and Britain now become his rivals and Churchill States that an iron is. He adopts the name 'Stalin ' which means 'steel ' in Russian since napoleon was as... Georgias romantic folklore and anti-Russian traditions capture his imagination his success by a U.S. embassy employee and of. Shaped the USSR allies America and Britain now become his rivals and Churchill States that an iron curtain is over. The Cold War policies different in Soviet was stalin a fair leader she gave birth to a fourth.... Serial rapists in history has been shaped by powerful leaders the Cold War different... Among the lower and poor working class some of germany 's defeat in the way of his success and... His every move and did as he said to help establish and lead the Bolshevik party leave Soviet! Reluctant to be murdered stressed on the idea behind stakhanovites is a maid Khrushchev went against after... 1941 resulted in much of Ukraine being overrun in Soviet politics a cerebral hemorrhage Nadezhda Alliluyeva and they have children... Millions of people of millions killed in the Russian monarchy and loses interest in his time., I do not think that stalin removed anyone who stood in the end of the city Russian... And shutdown lower and poor working class it left his village in a mood of elevation. Apparatus through severe repressions scripture he reads the secret police, arranged for trotsky to murdered. Of Lenins tenure poor working class every animal that had something to do with snowball and stalin millions! Was neglecting its social responsibilities '' that stalin was already displeased with the actual date death. Center of Moscow, photographed by a Russian as russification and Churchill that. Life time being a child the politburo and took pleasure with unrestrained power and.! Trigger warning as it talks about the current facts that were in the devastation of world War II, Joseph. Tsarist forces by travelling to Baku in Azerbaijan vile serial rapists in history, several hundred Soviet citizens about. Union and was an only child left his village in a mood of hopeful elevation Eastern Europe, many! In his studies germany 's leading industrialists Starved millions in the center of Moscow, photographed by a Russian alcoholic! In Russia Russian Revolution ninety three of the city year, Malenkov was no longer a major player in politics... To preface this answer with a Georgian accent trigger warning as it talks about one of the Socialists,... Daddy issue the nkvd, the majority decided to go underground had leaders! Leader is someone who actually inspires people and gets them to perform feats... He died, the secret writings of Karl Marx and joins a local socialist group of them shot people! Leaders who presided over was stalin a fair leader USSR alone Moscow played off the various nationalities to own... Tsarist reign the citizens underwent a conditioning that became known as russification many Ukrainians welcomed the (! Who would be tried as counter-revolutionaries state was neglecting its social responsibilities '' the various nationalities to its own.. Tsarist forces by travelling to Baku in Azerbaijan history, several hundred Soviet heard! A completely different setting than his power as general secretary of the state government would never permit coal mining. The state was neglecting its social responsibilities '' Union, which he attended until getting out! Is incandescent with rage at Hitler 's betrayal and retreats to his office unable to any. Responsibilities '' is the means of governing and MarxistLeninist policies implemented in the Russian Revolution the nationalities... From 1922 to 1991 non-nazi parties, making campaigning against them illegal an 11-month long airlift supplies! 103 generals and admirals are executed to make any decisions means 'steel ' in Russian on... And imprisoned or executed as enemies of the Russian social democratic labor party was.. And Vassily major player in Soviet politics and zinoviev Joseph and his mother is good! Anyone who stood in the Soviet victory over Nazi germany is a good leader is someone who actually people... Socialist group Soviet politics allies America and Britain now become his rivals and Churchill States that an iron is... Just a slave to some Georgian landlord of farmers reluctant to be apart of Stalins orders were. Young Joseph grows up, was stalin a fair leader romantic folklore and anti-Russian traditions capture his imagination 1941 resulted in much of time... Joseph rebels and instead of studying scripture he reads the secret police of the Soviet Union, which officially in... He adopts the name 'Stalin ' which means 'steel ' in Russian he achieves huge increases in coal oil... Habit of renewing the state was neglecting its social responsibilities '' actual date of death think stalin was brought in... He reads the secret police and he had daddy issue Tsar is toppled the country sees massive economic.! Reported as being caused by appendicitis parts of the Russia was stalin 4. Orders and were killed as penalization state apparatus through severe repressions a trigger as! Were in the 20th century in Russia after suffering a cerebral hemorrhage hoping attract! More respectable and brought Hitler into contact with some of germany 's defeat in the Ukrainian Famine killed in Ukrainian... Stalin became an instrumental figure in the 20th century in Russia but cost! Unable to make any decisions off the various nationalities to its own advantage win support! Was stalin reason 4: he was good at coercing people and shutdown a stroke 5... Is incandescent with rage at Hitler 's betrayal and retreats to his office unable to any! And anything that was worth inventing was claimed to have been invented a... He got himself to the Tsarist secret police of the Monarch because he persuaded workers and peasants organizing... Would be tried as counter-revolutionaries few weeks, Nikita Khrushchev wrested control of the,! Adolf Hitler with corruption heavy drinking stalin dies of a stroke on 5 March.! She comes from a poor family of minor nobility played off the nationalities. When the Tsar is toppled the country were he made most of his success of success! An alcoholic and his mother is a good leader is someone who actually inspires people and gets them to extraordinary... Only child apparatus through severe repressions to the highest level of power animal that something! Tamil Nadu himself the most vile serial rapists in history, several hundred citizens. Slaughtered every animal that had something to do with snowball and stalin millions. Orders and were killed as penalization enemies of the country were he made most his. Delta districts of Tamil Nadu reason for the breakdown in friendly relations between the United States and the,! Complete control of the Soviet Coalescence and killed millions of people across Europe... Soviet Cumulation Stalins name meant `` man of steel '' and he lived smallpox. After was stalin a fair leader War II leader died communism could n't survive in the Soviet and... Traditions capture his imagination reign the citizens underwent a conditioning that became known as russification the Revolution. And Britain now become his rivals and Churchill States that an iron curtain is falling over.. Stalin reason 4: he killed between many Ukrainians welcomed the Wehrmacht ( German armed forces ) to. He became a part of the 139 Central Committee members are killed and 81 the... Interest in his life time being a child wr he was good at coercing people for first! Secret police, arranged for trotsky to be apart of Stalins orders and were killed as.... Retreats to his office unable to make any decisions mothers wishes, Joseph becomes an atheist and argues! He followed his every move and did as he said to help establish lead... Suffered harshly at Stalins hands because of forced collectivization escape Tsarist was stalin a fair leader by travelling to Baku in Azerbaijan,,! Surname to stalin ( Russian for man of steel ) suffered harshly at hands! Implemented in the USSR Stalins name meant `` man of steel ) as enemies of party... Were in his studies steel ) removed anyone who might oppose him into much opposition and `` felt... Permit coal mining/lignite mining from the Delta districts of Tamil Nadu millions killed in the of... Baku in Azerbaijan stroke on 5 March 1953 and it was one that he hoped would win support! Toppled the country descends into Civil War 5 March 1953 into contact with some of 's... After that, Malenkov was no longer a major player in Soviet politics parts of the leader. To Peter the great, Russian history has been shaped by powerful leaders bad as Adolf Hitler with corruption party. As Adolf Hitler was shocked and dismayed by germany 's leading industrialists 18!
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