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Odetta Holmes (December 31, 1930 – December 2, 2008), known as Odetta, was an American singer, actress, guitarist, songwriter, and a civil and human rights activist, often referred to as “The Voice of the Civil Rights Movement”. Her musical repertoire consisted largely of American folk music, blues, jazz, and spirituals. An important figure in the American folk music revival of the 1950s and 1960s, she influenced many of the key figures of the folk-revival of that time, including Bob Dylan, Joan Baez, Mavis Staples, and Janis Joplin. Time magazine included her song “Take This Hammer” on its list of the 100 Greatest Popular Songs, stating that “Rosa Parks was her No. 1 fan, and Martin Luther King Jr. called her the queen of American folk music.”
Odetta was born in Birmingham, Alabama. She grew up in Los Angeles, where she attended Belmont High School. She then studied music at Los Angeles City College while employed as a domestic worker. She had operatic training from the age of 13. Her mother hoped she would follow Marian Anderson, but Odetta doubted a large black girl would ever perform at the Metropolitan Opera.[3] Her first professional experience was in musical theater in 1944, as an ensemble member for four years with the Hollywood Turnabout Puppet Theatre, working alongside Elsa Lanchester. In 1949, she joined the national touring company of the musical Finian’s Rainbow.
While on tour with Finian’s Rainbow, Odetta “fell in with an enthusiastic group of young balladeers in San Francisco”, and after 1950 she concentrated on folksinging.
A solo career followed, with Odetta Sings Ballads and Blues (1956) and At the Gate of Horn (1957). Odetta Sings Folk Songs was one of the best-selling folk albums of 1963.
In 1959 she appeared on Tonight with Belafonte, a nationally televised special. She sang “Water Boy” and a duet with Belafonte, “There’s a Hole in My Bucket“.
In 1961, Martin Luther King, Jr. called her “The Queen of American Folk Music”. That same year, the duo Harry Belafonte and Odetta made number 32 in the UK Singles Chart with the song “There’s a Hole in the Bucket“. She is remembered for her performance at March on Washington, the 1963 civil rights demonstration, at which she sang “O Freedom”. She described her role in the civil rights movement as “one of the privates in a very big army.