Two labour forces, one based in Siam and the other in Burma, worked from opposite ends of the line towards the centre. They were supported by an unknown number of Malaysian labourers. THE HEAD OF COLUMBIA PICTURES FORCED LEAN TO ADD A LOVE SCENE. Carl Foreman was the initial screenwriter, but Lean replaced him with Michael Wilson. Japanese engineers had been surveying and planning the route of the railway since 1937, and they had demonstrated considerable skill during their construction efforts across South-East Asia. The movie won seven Academy Awards, one for Best Picture. With William Holden, Alec Guinness, Jack Hawkins, Sessue Hayakawa. Nicholson undertakes the construction of a well-made bridge, at first thinking it a good way to improve the morale and discipline of his regiment but gradually coming to regard the structure not as a part of the enemy war effort but as a monument to British ingenuity. In 1941 the Japanese Army invaded Thailand. The actual name of "Bridge on the River Kwai", on the 258 mile long Burma Railway between Ban Pong, Thailand, and Thanbyuzayat, Burma, built from 1940-1944, was called Bridge 277. The plot and characters of Boulle's novel and the screenplay were almost entirely fictional. Although unconvinced of its merits, Lean agreed to include Shears affair with a British nurse. comment. Want to work for the CWGC? Although the obvious link was by sea, Allied submarines controlling the region made it too treacherous. The Kanchanaburi Memorial sits with the cemetery grounds. He created the railroad. But in Bangkok I was told that David Lean, the film's director, became mad at the extras who played the prisonersusbecause they couldn't march in time. "The Bridge on the River Kwai" was set in 1942, shortly after the fall of Singapore. At the end of the day, the officers are imprisoned, and Nicholson is thrown into the ovena small box made of corrugated metal. 17. 5. And a bloke called George Siegatz[29] an expert whistlerbegan to whistle Colonel Bogey, and a hit was born.". The British soldiers were slaves; they did not help the Japanese. The Hitchhiker's Guide has this to say about John Rabon: When not pretending to travel in time and space, eating bananas, and claiming that things are "fantastic", John lives in North Carolina. In 1997, this film was deemed "culturally . But poor old Goebbels US $4.49 Standard Shipping from outside US. Disease was a huge killer among railway workers, but so was brutality. After the final scene was shot, producer Sam Spiegel shipped the movie footage on five different planes to minimize the risk of loss. On 16 October 1943, the two ends of the Burma-Thailand railway were joined at Konkoita in Thailand. The key sites containing Thailand and Burma war graves related to Death Railway and the Bridge on the River Kwai are: Kanchanaburi War Cemetery is located a short distance from the former Kanburi POW camp. It is a landmark of Kanchanaburi Province. [3] Since it was not a documentary, there are many historical inaccuracies in the film, as noted by eyewitnesses to the building of the real Burma Railway by historians.[30][31][32][33]. Or maybe you have a story for us or would like to work together. The classic story of English POWs in Burma forced to build a bridge to aid the war effort of their Japanese captors. In 1997, the film was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and selected for preservation in the National Film Registry by the United States Library of Congress. While the story is fiction, the broader setting--including the construction of the Burmese railway--is based on historical events. In 1999, the British Film Institute voted The Bridge on the River Kwai the 11th greatest British film of the 20th Century. In the film, a Colonel Saito is camp commandant. 18. [51] Time magazine praised Lean's directing, noting he demonstrates "a dazzlingly musical sense and control of the many and involving rhythms of a vast composition. An estimated 80,000 to 100,000 civilians also died in the course of the project, chiefly forced labour brought from Malaya and the Dutch East Indies, or conscripted in Siam (Thailand) and Burma. The line passing through the scenic Three Pagodas Pass runs for 250 miles. The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) Addeddate 2021-08-19 15:12:20 Identifier the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai_202108 Scanner Internet Archive HTML5 Uploader 1.6.4. plus-circle Add Review. Persuaded that the film would be about the horror and folly of war, the Japanese government sent a military adviser to help with the camp scenes. During its construction, approximately 13,000 prisoners of war died and were buried along the railway. Goering The Bridge On The River Kwai Trivia: Fun And Interesting Facts About The Bridge On The River Kwai: Fascinating Facts About The Bridge on the River Kwai - Kindle edition by Randolph, Amanda. He, Shears, and Joyce reach the river in time with the assistance of Siamese women bearers and their village chief, Khun Yai. [30], A 1969 BBC television documentary, Return to the River Kwai, made by former POW John Coast,[33] sought to highlight the real history behind the film (partly through getting ex-POWs to question its factual basis, for example Dr Hugh de Wardener and Lt-Col Alfred Knights), which angered many former POWs. What's your favorite? They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. A Smith article describes bridge on River Kwai, near Kanchanaburi, Thailand, built by Allied POWs during Japanese occupation of Thailand in World War II and subject of famous film The Bridge on . ", The screenwriters, Carl Foreman and Michael Wilson, were on the Hollywood blacklist and, even though living in exile in England, could only work on the film in secret. Leadership Analysis: The Bridge On The River Kwai. Despite the nightmarish conditions, and equipped only with the most basic of tools, the POWs pulled off an amazing feat of engineering. Shears tries to get out of the mission by confessing that he impersonated an officer, hoping for better treatment from the Japanese. David Leans 1957 epic Bridge on the River Kwai is regarded as one of the all-time great war films. 13. Allied bombers struck the wooden bridge and its concrete counterpart in February 1945 with one of the earliest uses of guided bombs in history. An example of this is when commandos Warden and Joyce hunt a fleeing Japanese soldier through the jungle, desperate to prevent him from alerting other troops. Casualties commemorated at Chungkai are mostly men who died in the field hospital set up by prisoners. Lean filmed the scene from behind Guinness and exploded in anger when Guinness asked him why he was doing this. [40], The Bridge on the River Kwai was a massive commercial success. He was a huge star, drawing a weekly salary of $5000 in 1915 (adjusted for inflation: $119,000) and appearing in more than 60 films between 1914 and 1924. These issues, running throughout the film, were addressed to a lesser extent on various previous DVD releases of the film and might not have been so obvious in standard definition.[67]. The movie garnered seven Academy Awards, including that for best picture, as well as three Golden Globe Awards and four BAFTA awards. Sessue Hayakawa (1889-1973) was a Japanese-born actor who came to Hollywood in the very early days of cinemahis first short, The Typhoon, was made in 1914and quickly became a matinee idol, playing exotic villains and such. Within 16 months the bridge was completed but it took another two years to complete the entire rail line. The film"s story was loosely based on a true World War II incident, and the real-life character of Lieutenant Colonel Philip Toosey. 23. This film is taken from a popular novel written by Pierre Boulle in 1952. It was the highest-grossing film of 1957 in the United States and Canada and was also the most popular film at the British box office that year. When the sun rises, the commandoes realize that the water level in the river has fallen, exposing the explosives and wiring. The Bridge on the River Kwai was actually one of the reasons movies started becoming prime-time television programming. Sign-up for free daily emails with the latest news about British culture, heritage, and history! There's a stench of death about you. One of the biggest causes of ire was the treatment of Toosey. Spiegel, the producer, bought the film rights to the book (the English version of which was called The Bridge Over the River Kwai) and hired Carl Foreman to write the script. Contact us, Image: Rows of graves at Kanchanaburi War Cemetery, Image: Kanchanaburi Dutch Memorial commemorates Dutch POWs who died building Death Railway, Image: Chungkai War Cemetery's Cross of Sacrifice, Image: The Pavilion at Chungkai War Cemetery, Image: The cemetery's horticulture gives Chungkai a sense of serenity, Image: The Stone of Remembrance at Thanbyuzayat War Cemetery, Image: Headstones and horticulture at Thanbyuzayat, Get the latest CWGC news and see some of our recent work, Report of the Special Committee to review historical inequalities in Commemoration, Discover world war casualties who lived in your area, The True Story of the Bridge over the River Kwai, Why and how were restoring the Menin Gate: What you need to know about this amazing project, A push through the desert: How The Allies Captured Jericho in 1918, Visit Commonwealth war graves in Arras, France. Then he hired Lean to directand Lean didn't like Foreman's version. 15- "All work and no play make Jack a dull boy.". Over 65,000 Allied P.O.W.s battled torture, starvation, and disease to hack the 255-mile railway out of harsh jungle for the Japanese. The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957) is an epic World War II adventure/action, anti-war drama. Nicholson is shocked by the poor job being done by his men and orders the building of a proper bridge, intending it to stand as a tribute to the British Army's ingenuity for centuries to come. Bought 4 and 6 mm dowel wood for bridge piers. The movie is based on the novel "Le Pont de la Riviere Kwai" by Pierre Boulle. Supplying it by ship was the only practical solution. British English: The Top 50 Most Beautiful British Insults, British Slang: Your Guide to British Police Slang for the Telly Watcher, British Slang: Tea Time British Words for Tea and Tea Related Culture, ltimate List of Funny British Place Names, 101 Budget Britain Travel Tips 2nd Edition, Great Britons Book: Top 50 Greatest Brits Who Ever Lived, Anglotopias Grand Adventure Lands End to John OGroats. Copyright 2020 Tons Of Facts. 14. See details. On another occasion, they argued over the scene where Nicholson reflects on his career in the army. The camp commander, Colonel Saito (Sessue Hayakawa), informs the prisoners that they will all begin working on the building of a railway bridge the following day. As Australian Brigadier Arthur Varley put it: The Japanese will carry out their schedule and do not mind if the line is dotted with crosses.. David Lean, a British director then in his late forties, had made 11 films, including well-received adaptations of Charles Dickens (Great Expectations, Oliver Twist) and Noel Coward (Blithe Spirit, Brief Encounter). The cemetery was established by the Army Graves Service to hold casualties made along the railways southern Bangkok to Nieke section. Around the time that he was offered the movie, David Lean had little money, as he was in the middle of a financially ruinous divorce, and was very much in need of a new project. Corrections? The separate dialogue, music and effects were located and remixed with newly recorded "atmospheric" sound effects. English / Japanese / Thai. He succumbed to malaria, dysentery, and malnutrition at Camp Kilo 101 in Thailand. [38] Some Japanese viewers also disliked the film for portraying the Allied prisoners of war as more capable of constructing the bridge than the Japanese engineers themselves were, accusing the filmmakers of being unfairly biased and unfamiliar with the realities of the bridge construction, a sentiment echoed by surviving prisoners of war who saw the film in cinemas. Two bridges were built, the first made of wood. Construction of the Burma-Siam railway began in October 1942 and would end in October 1943. He didn't like the screenplay because it reduced Nicholson to secondary status. The rest were made of wood and local materials. Guinness had appeared in Lean's Dickens films but had since made a name for himself doing goofy comedies like The Lavender Hill Mob (1951). Read more. Rather than draw on their own corps of manpower, which was busy fighting an eventual losing battle against encroaching Allied forces, it would put its legions of POWs and local forced labourers to work. Also, in the novel, the bridge is not destroyed: the train plummets into the river from a secondary charge placed by Warden, but Nicholson (never realising "what have I done?") Nicholson objects, informing Saito the Geneva Convention exempts officers from manual labour. It was set up at the beginning of the Burma-Siams construction. It was repaired in time to be blown up the next morning, with Bandaranaike and his entourage present. After Guinness was done with the scene, Lean said, "Now you can all fuck off and go home, you English actors. 16- "You make me sick with your heroics! Camps were set up at 100-metre intervals. Young: "Donald, did anyone whistle Colonel Bogey as they did in the film?" Although the Death Railway has never again reached the Myanmar border, a shorter stretch was reopened by Thailand's railway authorities between 1949 and 1958, and trains on this modern-day line cross the infamous Bridge on the River Kwai. It was the highest-grossing film of 1957 and received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics. 3. The movie was mainly filmed in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) and also in England. The Colonel Bogey strain was accompanied by a counter-melody using the same chord progressions, then continued with film composer Malcolm Arnold's own composition, "The River Kwai March", played by the off-screen orchestra taking over from the whistlers, though Arnold's march was not heard in completion on the soundtrack. True Grit, Sanctum, Green Lantern and Superman. The movie has been included on the American Film Institutes list of best American films ever made. Get information about our funding, our Customer Charter and our Strategic Plan. She spent most of the next 42 years working as a copy editor and editor at Encyclopaedia Britannica. Take a look below for 28 more fun and interesting facts about The Bridge on the River Kwai. Some Japanese viewers resented the movie's depiction of their engineers' capabilities as inferior and less advanced than they were in reality. [43] By October 1960, the film had earned worldwide box office revenues of $30 million. [50] William Holden was also credited for his acting for giving a solid characterization that was "easy, credible and always likeable in a role that is the pivot point of the story". The film was based on the 1952 novel Bridge over the River Kwai by Pierre Boulle. Kwai River Bridge history. Has two but they are small. So Spiegel hired another writer, Calder Willingham, to give it a crack. Along with 1,250 other POWs, he died while in transit from Singapore to Japan aboard the Rakuyo Maro transport ship after it was torpedoed by a US submarine. British and American intelligence officers conspire . They built a railway to link Bangkok to Rangoon. Moreover, Kanchanaburi has an annual "Bridge Over the River Kwai" week, which has a sound show to relive the moments of World War II. . In fact, two bridges were built: a temporary wooden bridge and a permanent steel/concrete bridge a few months later. Colonel Nicholson, arrive at a Japanese prison camp in Thailand. This page was last modified on 6 February 2023, at 06:05. Pitted against the warden, Colonel . Begun in October 1942, using prisoner of war (POW) labour, it was completed and operational by early February 1943. Japanese guards were known for their cruelty and would frequently torture and assault their prisoners. The building of Bridge 277, the eponymous bridge that gave Leans film its name, was overseen by 2,000 British and Dutch prisoners of war. Cafes and tourist spots dot the banks of the Khwae Noi. They felt none of the Bridge on the River Kwai cast could fully understand or represent what it was like to be there. "[53], Among retrospective reviews, Roger Ebert gave the film four out of four stars, noting that it is one of the few war movies that "focuses not on larger rights and wrongs but on individuals", but commented that the viewer is not certain what is intended by the final dialogue due to the film's shifting points of view. At their head was Lieutenant-Colonel Phillip Toosey. Thousands of Asian workers and POWs (prisoners of war) died while working on the project. Madness!" So go the tragic final words of David Lean's The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957), a spectacular and deeply-moving WWII adventure film that still entertains and challenges over sixty years later. Wise: "I never heard it in Thailand. Some 5,000 Commonwealth World War Two casualties are buried or commemorated in Kanchanaburi. Commonwealth war graves commission Caring for the fallen, Commonwealth war graves foundation Our charity site. 7. After the enlisted men are marched to the bridge site, Saito threatens to have the officers shot, until Major Clipton, the British medical officer, warns Saito there are too many witnesses for him to get away with murder. (He didn't attend the Oscars, either.) Thanbyuzayat continued to be used as a POW reception centre to reinforce work parties along the Burma-Siam Railway. He served as an adviser during the making of the movie. They were soon sent to Thailand to begin labouring on the Death Railway. Part of this project was building bridges over Thailand's Kwai Yai, at a place named Tamarkan, which is near a town named Kanchanaburi. 60,000 or so Allied prisoners of war, including British, Australian, Dutch and some US troops, alongside more than 200,000 civilian labourers were pressed into service. However, cameraman Freddy Ford was unable to get out of the way of the explosion in time, and Lean had to stop filming. The action of the movie takes place in a Japanese prisoner-of-war (POW) camp in Burma during World War II. He had basically retired when Lean approached him to play Colonel Saito in Kwai, a performance that earned Hayakawa an Oscar nomination. Kanchanaburi town is located around 130 kilometres northwest of Bangkok. The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 epic war film directed by David Lean and based on the 1952 novel written by Pierre Boulle.Although the film uses the historical setting of the construction of the Burma Railway in 1942-1943, the plot and characters of Boulle's novel and the screenplay are almost entirely fictional. Parts of the Burma-Siam railway still stand. Shears and two others escape. Has no balls He joined up in 1940 and served in the Middle East with the 2/2nd Pioneer Battalion before transferring back to the Dutch East Indies in early 1942. It was not long before the Japanese army overrunning Java captured Lieutenant Lamb and his men. The telecast of the film lasted more than three hours because of the commercial breaks. "[52] Harrison's Reports described the film as an "excellent World War II adventure melodrama" in which the "production values are first-rate and so is the photography. 14- "Be happy in your work.". Major Warden of SOE invites Shears to join a commando mission to destroy the bridge just as it is completed. [5][6] It has been included on the American Film Institute's list of best American films ever made. The Bridge on the River Kwai is a British 1957 movie from Columbia Pictures, based on Pierre Boulle's 1952 book The Bridge over the River Kwai (French: Le Pont de la Rivire Kwai). The actual bridge on the River Kwai is located in Thailand, and stretches over a part of the Mae Klong river, which was renamed Khwae Yai (Thai for big tributary). The Bridge on the River Kwai: Directed by David Lean. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. John Coast, a young British officer who went on to become a successful filmmaker who spent three and half years as a Japanese POW, said: As nobody should ever have need telling, the picture is a load of high-toned codswallop.. Everywhere in the jungle, the graveyards made their appearance; starting in a small way they gradually grew bigger, until when the railway was completed at the end of the year, thousands of bodies lay in the jungle from one end to the other.. Warden responds that he already knew and that the US Navy had agreed to transfer him to the British SOE with the simulated rank of Major to avoid embarrassment. They included Chinese, Malayan, Burmese, Thai, Indonesian and Singaporean people. The River Kwai, also known as Khwae Noi or Khwae Sai Yok is a river located in the western region of Thailand. Unique to this film, in some ways, were other issues related to poorly made optical dissolves, the original camera lens and a malfunctioning camera. Pay on the train. This records the names of 11 Indian army men buried in Muslim cemeteries throughout Thailand whose graves could not be maintained. $ 3 million (estimated) The Bridge on the River Kwai is a British 1957 movie from Columbia Pictures, based on Pierre Boulle 's 1952 book The Bridge over the River Kwai ( French: Le Pont de la Rivire Kwai ). Of course, he could not save many of his men from expiring, but he did their best to make conditions more comfortable. 2. Lean wanted Holden, a big star and recent Oscar winner (for Stalag 17), to play American prisoner Major Shears, over the objections of producer Spiegel, who wanted Cary Grant. Shears is enjoying his hospital stay in Ceylon unwittingly within a commando school referred to as "Force 316" (likely based on the real world Force 136 of the Special Operations Executive (SOE)). What's happening in this "The Bridge on the River Kwai" movie clip?Warden (Jack Hawkins from Land of the Pharaohs and Ben-Hur) fires a mortar, wounding Nicho. [66] The original negative for the feature was scanned at 4k (four times the resolution in High Definition), and the colour correction and digital restoration were also completed at 4k. Prior to casting Alec Guinness, Sam Spiegel tried to persuade Spencer Tracy to play the part of Colonel Nicholson. Did he really want the enemy to come in across it? [7][8] In 1999, the British Film Institute voted The Bridge on the River Kwai the 11th greatest British film of the 20th century. Lean wanted to use the tune in Kwai, figured those lyrics wouldn't pass the censors (or the approval of the composer's widow), and opted to have the troops whistle it instead. Colonel Saito, the camp commandant, informs the new prisoners they will all work, even officers, on the construction of a railway bridge over the River Kwai that will connect Bangkok and Rangoon. A sketch of that bridge was used as the basis for the fictional one. British POWs are forced to build a railway bridge across the river Kwai for their Japanese captors in occupied Burma, not knowing that the allied forces are planning a daring commando raid through the jungle to destroy it. Tonight, enjoy dinner at a hotel restaurant Overnight: Kanchanaburi [64] The image was restored by OCS, Freeze Frame, and Pixel Magic with George Hively editing. It was nominated for eight Academy Awards, wining seven -- including Best Picture . Victims were cremated and their remains are buried in the aforementioned graves. [31], On a BBC Timewatch programme, a former prisoner at the camp states that it is unlikely that a man like the fictional Nicholson could have risen to the rank of lieutenant colonel, and, if he had, due to his collaboration he would have been "quietly eliminated" by the other prisoners. While Nicholson disapproves of acts of sabotage and other deliberate attempts to delay progress, Toosey encouraged this: termites were collected in large numbers to eat the wooden structures, and the concrete was badly mixed. Saito leaves the officers standing all day in the intense heat. US Navy Commander Shears tells of the horrific conditions. Ian Watts, longtime professor of English at Stanford and author of the landmark The Rise of the Novel, had actually been a prisoner in the camp and helped with the construction of the bridge. As Ashton explained, it was so cheap because "we used local labor and elephants; and the timber was cut nearby.". The Bridge Over the River Kwai won seven Academy Awards (including Best Picture) in 1958. The film has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry. The surviving sections stand as monuments to the men who suffered so much to build them. Instead of the five year predicted completion, the bridge on river Kwai, was completed in 16 months. The Bridge over the River Kwai met its fate in 1945. To counter the Allies tightening grip on supply lines, the Japanese army resurrected an old idea first mooted by regional powers in the late 19th century: to build a railway between Myanmar and Siam. This meant that some of the British prisoners were actually natives of the region wearing make-up to appear Caucasian. Boulle was given sole credit on the film and was awarded the Oscar for best screenplay. Servicemen who survived the death marches, appalling working conditions, and savage treatment by their guards thought the film nor book reflected the realities of their experience. California Doubling: The film is set in Thailand, but was filmed in Ceylon (present-day Sri Lanka), a distinction the publicity of the time didn't see fit to make clear.Instead, it raved about the movie being shot in Ceylon in a way which implied the real-life River Kwai was located there. After a few days, the British medical officer Major Clipton (James Donald) tries to persuade both Saito and Nicholson to compromise, but both are unyielding. The Bridge on the River Kwai was a smash hit on release. 26. Lets examine the history behind the film and the men who made it. A train carrying important dignitaries and soldiers is scheduled to be the first to cross the bridge the following day, and Warden wants to destroy both. The commandoes arrive for their mission as the finishing touches are being put on the bridge. The bridge cost $250,000 to build. Like Chungkai and Kanchanaburi, Thanbyuzayat War Cemetery was originally part of the camp set up serving the Burma-Siams construction. The Bridge On The River Kwai was the first of David Lean's five epic films and the third of six movies that he made with Alec Guinness. Thanbyuzayat was originally a POW administration headquarters and base camp. It was initially scripted by screenwriter Carl Foreman, who was later replaced by Michael Wilson. Toosey later defended him in his war crimes trial after the war, and the two became friends. The steel bridge was repaired and is still in use today. Laughton would die (of cancer) five years later, at the age of 63. [41] According to Variety, the film earned estimated domestic box office revenues of $18,000,000[42] although this was revised downwards the following year to $15,000,000, which was still the biggest for 1958 and Columbia's highest-grossing film at the time. In fact, the cemetery is the original burial ground started by the prisoners themselves. Sessue Hayakawa considered his performance as Saito as the highlight of his career. In a 1988 interview with Barry Norman, Lean confirmed that Columbia almost stopped filming after three weeks because there was no white woman in the film, forcing him to add what he called "a very terrible scene" between Holden and a nurse on the beach. Thanbyuzayat is in Myanmar. By this time, the United States and its naval and industrial might had entered the war. Sam Spiegel bought the railroad train from the Ceylonese government. There were no facilities on the island of Ceylon to process film rushes, so the days filming had to be flown to London to be processed and then flown back out to Ceylon. Their taskmasters were relentless. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading The Bridge On The River Kwai Trivia: Fun And Interesting . The story is fictional but uses the construction of the Burma Railway, in 1942-1943, as its historical setting, and is partly based on Pierre Boulle's own life experience working in Malaysia rubber . Aerial reconnaissance photo of the Steel Bridge taken during a bombing raid. The Bridge on the River Kwai is a work of fiction, but borrows the construction of the Burma Railway in 1942 to 1943 for its historical setting. Alec Guiness overseeing men working on the tracks in a scene from the film 'The Bridge On The River Kwai', 1957. For all the death and misery caused by its building, the Burma-Siam Railway only ever carried two Japanese divisions and 500,000 tons of supplies before VJ Day brought the war in Asia to a close. In the setting of World War II, a defeated unit British Soldiers is marched into a Japanese prison camp in western Thailand, with the purpose of constructing a bridge over the River Kwai to carry a new railway line to invade Burma. He insisted that Lean add a scene where Shears, the American played by William Holden, cozies up to a nurse (Ann Sears).
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