![](https://pragmaticobotsunite2018.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/fall-morning-10-474x420.gif)
Happy Hump Day POU! Can’t wait to read your reactions to this second case on the list today. LOL
Cumming v. Richmond (1899)
![School for Enslaved Children](https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/0IqCh5ChFLJtlWKanGQKBw_jAUM=/3679x2458/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/school-for-slaves-96738754-2005d627d1514e62a495d57b0ce90751.jpg)
When three Black families in Richmond County, Virginia faced the closing of the area’s only public Black high school, they petitioned the Court to allow their children to finish their education at the white high school instead. It only took the Supreme Court three years to violate its own “separate but equal” standard by establishing that if there was no suitable Black school in a given district, Black students would simply have to do without an education.
Ozawa v. United States (1922)
![Rising sun flag over japanese sailors](https://www.thoughtco.com/thmb/naYx9UkdKPiLy33sD_onyoJRJ7o=/3293x2553/filters:no_upscale():max_bytes(150000):strip_icc():format(webp)/GettyImages-615308712-5af90db4eb97de003df28f7d.jpg)
A Japanese immigrant, Takeo Ozawa, attempted to become a full U.S. citizen, despite a 1906 policy limiting naturalization to whites and Black people. Ozawa’s argument was a novel one: Rather than challenging the constitutionality of the statute himself (which, under the racist Court, would have probably been a waste of time anyway), he simply attempted to establish that Japanese Americans were white. The Court rejected this logic.