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This compromise arose after the Protestant Reformation and the Thirty Years' War. Albert Schweitzer. [62], The poor conditions of the hospital in Lambarn were also famously criticized by Nigerian professor and novelist Chinua Achebe in his essay on Joseph Conrad's novel Heart of Darkness: "In a comment which has often been quoted Schweitzer says: 'The African is indeed my brother but my junior brother.' were quite familiar with the businesslike and sometimes grumpy and brusque Schweitzer in a solar hat who hurried along the construction of a building by gingering up the native craftsmen with a sharp: "Allez-vous OPP! [49] Although every human being is invited to become a Christian, only those who have undergone the initiation into the Christian community through baptism can share in the "realistic" dying and rising with Christ. Now I knew that the world-view of ethical world-and- life-affirmation, together with its ideal of civilization, is founded in thought.". disease (leprosy), dysentery, elephantiasis, sleeping sickness, malaria, yellow fever and animal wounds. Jaroslav Pelikan, in his foreword to The Mysticism of Paul the Apostle, points out that: the relation between the two doctrines was quite the other way around: 'The doctrine of the redemption, which is mentally appropriated through faith, is only a fragment from the more comprehensive mystical redemption-doctrine, which Paul has broken off and polished to give him the particular refraction which he requires. Widor, deeply impressed, agreed to teach Schweitzer without fee, and a great and influential friendship thus began. of the world and life? In 1912, now armed with a medical degree, Schweitzer made a definite proposal to go as a physician to work at his own expense in the Paris Missionary Society's mission at Lambarn on the Ogoou river, in what is now Gabon, in Africa (then a French colony). years to science and art and then devote himself to the service of suffering humanity. Hnelle mynnettiin vuoden 1952 Nobelin rauhanpalkinto . Dr. The living conditions, too, were horrid with makeshift huts for shelter and medical care, hot, steamy tropical days, cold nights, and huge gusts of wind and rainfall. These included the cults of Attis, Osiris, and Mithras. "You must give some time to your fellow man," Schweitzer counseled in paraphrase. After World War I broke out in July 1914, Schweitzer and his wife, German citizens in a French colony when the countries were at war, were put under supervision by the French military at Lambarn, where Schweitzer continued his work. Hospital workers, lepers, cripples and other patients gathered in the jungle heat as the body of the noted physician, scholar, philosopher and musician was lowered into the ground. But determination to make his life an "argument" He is a figure designed by rationalism, endowed with life by liberalism, and clothed by modern theology in a historical garb. In 1898, he returned to Paris to write a PhD dissertation on The Religious Philosophy of Kant at the Sorbonne, and to study in earnest with Widor. . In contemplation of the will-to-life, respect for the life of others becomes the highest principle and the defining purpose of humanity. LAMBARENE, GABON, Sept. 5--Albert Schweitzer died last night in his jungle hospital here. Description and criticism] (published in English in 1948 as The Psychiatric Study of Jesus. 171,135 Swedish krona. Darstellung und Kritik[51] [The psychiatric evaluation of Jesus. It was said that he had scarcely ever talked with an adult African on adult terms. In the years that followed, the hospital grew by leaps and bounds, not only in terms of bricks and mortar but also in its delivery of comprehensive and modern health care. The doctor never entirely left the pursuit of music and became well known as a virtuoso on the keyboard and pipes, especially when he played the works of Bach. Rhena Schweitzer Miller, the only child of Nobel Prize-winning humanitarian Dr. Albert Schweitzer, who carried on his medical missionary work in Africa after his death in 1965, died Sunday. The latter activity resulted in several volumes over the years that made his reputation as a major, albeit somewhat controversial, theologian. ~ Albert Schweitzer. [90] Stamos noted that Schweitzer held the view that evolution ingrained humans with an instinct for meat so it was useless in trying to deny it. Christ-mysticism holds the field until God-mysticism becomes possible, which is in the near future. Seek always to do some good, somewhere. Schweitzer's death was kept secret through the night because of a request he had made to give his daughter time to send telegrams to relatives. Albert "Ian" Schweitzer, Hawaii man imprisoned for Dana Ireland's 1991 murder and rape, released after lawyer presents new evidence - CBS News Watch CBS News Crime Hawaii man in prison for. With the new hospital built and the medical team established, Schweitzer returned to Europe in 1927, this time leaving a functioning hospital at work. Dramatisations of Schweitzer's life include: Paul's "realism" versus Hellenistic "symbolism", Schweitzer's Bach recordings are usually identified with reference to the Peters Edition of the Organ-works in 9 volumes, edited by. An ethical human strives to escape from this contradiction so far as possible. Albert Schweitzer - At times our own light goes out and is. A complex man, to be sure, but his humanitarianism did affect the lives of many patients in desperate need of attention and, for the most part, he positively influenced the world in which he inhabited. " Albert Schweitzer 31. [55] In early 1913, he and his wife set off to establish a hospital (the Hpital Albert Schweitzer) near an existing mission post. own, is understandable when one considers the enormous achievement he has attained in his own lifetime. barred him from preaching at the station, but agreed to accept his medical skills. he started to write the two-volume "The Philosophy of Civilization," his masterwork in ethics that was published in 1923. He had scratched it out from the jungle beginning in 1913; he had designed it; Date of death. Schweitzer's recordings of organ-music, and his innovative recording technique, are described below. "[66] Schweitzer believed dignity and respect must be extended to blacks, while also sometimes characterizing them as children. At the Mulhouse gymnasium he received his "Abitur" (the certificate at the end of secondary education) in 1893. He apparently did so in the company of his two cats, "Sizi" and . He is suffering from a heart ailment. In this respect, he was undoubtedly made more of by cultists than he was willing to make of himself, although he was by no means a man with a weak ego. What It Does For over 60 years, HAS has helped develop a local health system in the rural Artibonite Valley of central Haiti. A scholar herself, she became a trained nurse in order to share her husband's life in Africa. Many of his basic ideas have been adopted without having his name connected with them. Philosopher and musician Dr. Albert Schweitzer, sitting at his desk in a London restaurant, around 1955. Albert Schweitzer (1875-1965) was a brilliant philosopher, physician, musician, clergyman and theological scholar. Gradually his opinions and concepts became acknowledged, not only in Europe, but worldwide. For every person who committed an atrocity in Jesus' name, someone must step in to help in Jesus' name; for every person who robbed, someone must bring a replacement; for everyone who cursed, someone must bless. Turning to Bach's nonchurch music, Schweitzer said: "The Brandenburg concertos are the purest product of Bach's polyphonic style. Scientific materialism (advanced by Herbert Spencer and Charles Darwin) portrayed an objective world process devoid of ethics, entirely an expression of the will-to-live. He came to the Ogooue in 1913 when horses drew the buses of London and leprosy was considered According to some authors, Schweitzer's thought, and specifically his development of reverence for life, was influenced by Indian religious thought and in particular the Jain principle of ahimsa, or non-violence. His medical dissertation was titled, The Psychiatric Study of Jesus.. Advertisement. Albert Schweitzer is best known as a great humanitarian because of the fact that he spent his life from age 40 until his death in Africa as a medical doctor at Lambgarence. Preventable medical mistakes are the third leading cause of death in the U.S after heart disease and cancer. Each of us has cause to think with deep gratitude of those who have lighted the flame within us. On his trip to Europe, Schweitzer invariably made his headquarters at his home in Gunsbach, which was expanded until it was also a leave and rest center for the hospital staff. Hupp, upp. Respect for life, overcoming coarser impulses and hollow doctrines, leads the individual to live in the service of other people and of every living creature. By 1920, his health recovering, he was giving organ recitals and doing other fund-raising work to repay borrowings and raise funds for returning to Gabon. [4][5] He spent his childhood in Gunsbach, also in Alsace, where his father, the local Lutheran-Evangelical pastor of the EPCAAL, taught him how to play music. "I let the Africans pick all the fruit they want," he said. Schweitzer based his interpretation on his profound knowledge of personality, education, religious and social life of Bach. Lecturing widely on the problems of peace, Dr. Schweitzer told his wide audience, The end of further experiments with atom bombs would be like the early sunrays of hope which suffering humanity is longing for., Not all was sunny with Schweitzers social commentary. By extreme application and hard work, he completed his studies successfully at the end of 1911. Another major difference between Paul's "realism" and Hellenistic "symbolism" is the exclusive nature of the former and the inclusive nature of the latter. . He was the son of Louis Schweitzer and Adle Schillinger. This image has not been destroyed from outside; it has fallen to pieces[37], Instead of these liberal and romantic views, Schweitzer wrote that Jesus and his followers expected the imminent end of the world.[38]. [48] He explains, "only the man who is elected thereto can enter into relation with God". The two remaining volumes, on The World-View of Reverence for Life and a fourth on the Civilized State, were never completed. Every man has to seek in his own way to realize his true worth. READ MORE: No, Oscar Wilde probably didnt die of syphilis. [73], Such was the theory which Schweitzer sought to put into practice in his own life. Other selections are on Philips GBL 5509. All Rights Reserved. On Good Friday of 1913, the couple set sail, at their own expense, from Bordeaux to Africa. In the Schweitzer method, the figure-8 is replaced by two small diaphragm condenser microphones pointed directly away from each other. On 23 April 1957, Schweitzer made his "Declaration of Conscience" speech; it was broadcast to the world over Radio Oslo, pleading for the abolition of nuclear weapons. . "[81], Weeks prior to his death, an American film crew was allowed to visit Schweitzer and Drs. Albert Schweitzer. "He is a figure at the drop of a cause. Some of his more ardent admirers insisted that he was a jungle saint, even a modern Christ. Until he extends the circle of his compassion to all living things, man will not himself find peace. Bach's "Well-Tempered Clavier" also drew Schweitzer's warmest praise. I will not enumerate all the crimes that have been committed under the pretext of justice. Schweitzer claims that this form of mysticism is more intellectual and can be found "among the Brahmans and in the Buddha, in Platonism, in Stoicism, in Spinoza, Schopenhauer, and Hegel".[42]. Subscribe to Here's the Deal, our politics newsletter. Widely honored with degrees, citations, scrolls, medals, special stamps, even the Nobel Prize for Peace in 1952, he seemed oblivious to panoply. Schweitzer presents Bach as a religious mystic, as cosmic as the forces of nature. "In reality, that which is eternal in the words of Jesus is due to the very fact that they are based on an eschatological world-view, and contain the expression of a mind Now I had my way to the idea in which world [affirmation] and life-affirmation and ethics are contained Then, working as medical assistant and assistant-pastor in Strasbourg, he advanced his project on the philosophy of civilization, which had occupied his mind since 1900. The increase in heart disease deaths from the early 20th century . ". Ludwig Philipp Albert Schweitzer OM (German: [albt vats] (listen); 14 January 1875 4 September 1965) was an Alsatian polymath. He disagreed sharply with Aristotle's view that man's knowledge of right and wrong would surely lead him to make yet he was a foe to materialism and to the century's criteria for personal success. for the good of fellow men who need the help of a fellow man." Everything was heavily decayed, and building and doctoring progressed together for months. After peaking in the mid-1960s, the number of heart disease deaths began a marked decline that has persisted to the present. By the 1950s, 3 unpaid physicians, 7 nurses and 13 volunteer aides staffed the Schweitzer Hospital. "Constant kindness can accomplish much. Gerson died in 1959, eulogized by long-time friend, Albert Schweitzer M.D. of self-unfolding of the idea in which it creates its own opposite in order to overcome it, and so on and on until it finally returns to itself, having meanwhile traversed the whole of existence.". The committee of this missionary society was not ready to accept his offer, considering his Lutheran theology to be "incorrect". up a ceaseless study of music. For example, in 1950, biographer Magnus C. Ratter commented that Schweitzer never "commit[ted] himself to the anti-vivisection, vegetarian, or pacifist positions, though his thought leads in this direction". '"[67] Chinua Achebe has criticized him for this characterization, though Achebe acknowledges that Schweitzer's use of the word "brother" at all was, for a European of the early 20th century, an unusual expression of human solidarity between Europeans and Africans. "Never say there is nothing beautiful in the world anymore. Death, Cause unspecified 4 September 1965 at 11:30 AM in Lambarn (Age 90) . The waiting room and dormitory were built, like native huts, of unhewn logs along a path leadingl to the boat landing. Its climate is among the world's worst, with fiercely hot days, clammy nights and seasonal torrents of rain. In his story for PBS NewsHour, Dr. Howard Markel, University of Michigan medical historian writes: side by side! This decision, protested vigorously by his friends, was, like so many others in his life, the product of religious meditation. Babies, even in the leper enclave, dropped toys into the dust of the unpaved streets and then popped them into their mouths. Last edited on 28 February 2023, at 08:10, Jesus as depicted by the historical-critical method, Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Association Internationale Albert Schweitzer, Military and Hospitaller Order of Saint Lazarus of Jerusalem, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Religion & the Treatment of God's Creatures", "Review of "The Mystery of the Kingdom of God", "An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad's Heart of Darkness", "Albert Schweitzer and Henry Fonda's Lost Special", "List of Members of the Order of Merit, past and present", "History of Vegetarianism Dr Albert Schweitzer (18751965)", "Knigsfeld feiert ?Schweitzer-Erben? There was a further period of work in 1935. The laying down of the commandment to not kill and to not damage is one of the greatest events in the spiritual history of mankind. When the J. S. Bach: Passacaglia in C minor, BWV 582; Prelude and Fugue in E minor, BWV 533; Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543; Prelude and Fugue in G major, BWV 541; Toccata and Fugue in D minor, BWV 565. of self-imposed exile in Africa. His pamphlet "The Art of Organ Building and Organ Playing in Germany and France" (1906,[25] republished with an appendix on the state of the organ-building industry in 1927) effectively launched the 20th-century Orgelbewegung, which turned away from romantic extremes and rediscovered baroque principlesalthough this sweeping reform movement in organ building eventually went further than Schweitzer had intended. [16] From 1952 until his death he worked against nuclear tests and nuclear weapons with Albert Einstein, Otto Hahn and Bertrand Russell. over into experience.". This was no sooner under way than Schweitzer fell ill, an epidemic of dysentery broke out and a famine set in. Now, without context, it seems that Albert Schweitzer rejects the whole project of historical Jesus research. Then a single cardioid microphone is placed on axis, bisecting the figure-8 pattern. As Schweitzer recounted this climactic incident, he had been baffled in getting an answer to the question: Is it at all possible to find a real and permanent foundation in thought for a theory of the universe that shall be both ethical and affirmative Albert was born in 1875 in Kaysersberg (Alsace-Lorraine), Germany, (now Haut-Rhin, France), only two months after Germany annexed that province from France, as a result of winning the Franco-Prussian war. that the work of Bach owes its greatness.". [80] With the $33,000 prize money, he started the leprosarium at Lambarn. Albert Schweitzer (1966). With theological insight, he interpreted the use of pictorial and symbolical representation in J. S. Bach's religious music. Paul's imminent eschatology (from his background in Jewish eschatology) causes him to believe that the kingdom of God has not yet come and that Christians are now living in the time of Christ. Also like Goethe, on whose life and works he was expert, Schweitzer came near to being a comprehensive man. (Revelation 22:20). His death, political upheavals leading to Gabon's independence in 1960, decreasing foreign . original contribution of Reverence for Life as an effective basis for a civilized world. Attending the University of Strasbourg, he served as curate at St. Nicholas, gave (He played Bach at Lambarene, too, on pianos especially lined with zinc to prevent rot.)